SpringBoot整合MongoDB,在多数据源下实现事务回滚

项目中用到了MongoDB,准备用来存储业务数据,前提是要实现事务,保证数据一致性,MongoDB从4.0开始支持事务,提供了面向复制集的多文档事务特性。能满足在多个操作,文档,集合,数据库之间的事务性,事务的特性。多文档事务在4.0版本仅支持复制集,对分片集群的事务性支持计划在4.2版本中实现。由于我也算是一个java小白,没怎么弄清java事务机制,于是先建了个测试项目进行测试。在本例中可以看到多数据源下事务的使用,请重点关注后面记录的爬坑记。

代码已上传到github 传送门 https://github.com/devmuyuer/trans-demo

Mongo Transaction

项目介绍

  • springboot 2.1.3

  • MongoDB 4.0.3

  • 本项目主要为了测试MongoDB事务,由于正式项目还用了其它数据源,所以加入了 Oracle, MySQL的事务,包括多数据源的配置和使用

使用说明

  • 1.导入MongoDB的依赖

    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb

  • 2.配置MongoDB的连接
spring:
  # mongodb 连接
  data:
    mongodb:
      uri: mongodb://192.168.0.68:27017,192.168.0.69:27017,192.168.0.70:27017/glcloud?replicaSet=rs0
      database: glcloud
  • 3.编写entity类

当id设置为 ObjectId 类型和添加 @Id 注解时时,MongoDB数据库会自动生成主键,我们在保存对象时就不用设置id的值

MongoUnit

/**
 * 用户
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
@Data
@Document(collection = "test_unit")
public class MongoUnit {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Id
     */
    @Id
    private ObjectId id;
    /**
     * unitId
     */
    private String unitId;

    /**
     * unitName
     */
    private String unitName;

}

MongoUser

package com.example.demo.entity.mongo;

import lombok.Data;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;


/**
 * 用户
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
@Data
@Document(collection = "test_user")
public class MongoUser {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Id
     */
    @Id
    private ObjectId id;
    /**
     * userId
     */
    private String userId;

    /**
     * userName
     */
    private String userName;

    /**
     * unitId 关联testUser
     */
    private String unitId;
}

  • 4.编写dao层的方法

只需继承MongoRepository即可。

package com.example.demo.repository.mongo;

import com.example.demo.entity.mongo.MongoUser;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
public interface MongoUserRepository extends MongoRepository {


}
package com.example.demo.repository.mongo;

import com.example.demo.entity.mongo.MongoUnit;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
public interface MongoUnitRepository extends MongoRepository {

}

  • 5.Service层
package com.example.demo.service.mongo.impl;

import com.example.demo.common.SystemException;
import com.example.demo.entity.mongo.MongoUser;
import com.example.demo.repository.mongo.MongoUserRepository;
import com.example.demo.service.mongo.MongoUserService;
import com.example.demo.common.R;
import com.example.demo.common.RUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MongoUserServiceImpl implements MongoUserService {

    @Autowired
    MongoUserRepository mongoUserRepository;


    /**
     * 新增
     * @param mongoUser
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public R save(MongoUser mongoUser) {
        MongoUser mongoUserSave = mongoUserRepository.save(mongoUser);
        log.info("用户信息保存:testUserSave = "+ mongoUserSave);
        return RUtil.success("");
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(value = "MONGO_TRANSACTION_MANAGER", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public R bathSave(String unitId, Boolean rollBack) {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {

            //注释这段则可以正常添加数据,测试回滚则throw异常信息
            if (unitId.equals("003") && rollBack) {
                throw new SystemException("测试回滚故意抛出的异常");
            }

            MongoUser user = new MongoUser();
            user.setUserId(unitId + "U0" + i);
            user.setUserName("用户" + i);
            user.setUnitId(unitId);
            save(user);
        }
        return RUtil.success("");
    }
}

package com.example.demo.service.mongo.impl;

import com.example.demo.enums.REnum;
import com.example.demo.common.SystemException;
import com.example.demo.entity.mongo.MongoUnit;
import com.example.demo.repository.mongo.MongoUnitRepository;
import com.example.demo.service.mongo.MongoUnitService;
import com.example.demo.service.mongo.MongoUserService;
import com.example.demo.common.R;
import com.example.demo.common.RUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-02-25 09:10
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MongoUnitServiceImpl implements MongoUnitService {

    @Autowired
    MongoUnitRepository mongoUnitRepository;
    @Autowired
    MongoUserService mongoUserService;


    /**
     * 新增
     *
     * @param unit
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public R save(MongoUnit unit) {
        MongoUnit mongoUnitSave = mongoUnitRepository.save(unit);
        log.info("单位信息保存:testUnitSave = " + mongoUnitSave);
        return RUtil.success("");
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(value = "MONGO_TRANSACTION_MANAGER")
    public R bathSave(Boolean rollBack) {
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

                MongoUnit unit = new MongoUnit();
                unit.setUnitId("00" + i);
                unit.setUnitName("单位" + i);
                mongoUserService.bathSave(unit.getUnitId(),rollBack);

                save(unit);
            }
            return RUtil.success("");
        } catch (SystemException e) {
            log.error("保存数据失败:msg: {}", e.getMessage());
            throw new SystemException(REnum.ERROR.getCode(), "保存数据失败 Error:" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

  • 6.Controller
package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.enums.DbTypeEnum;
import com.example.demo.service.mongo.MongoUserService;
import com.example.demo.common.R;
import com.example.demo.service.primary.PrimaryUserService;
import com.example.demo.service.slave.SlaveUserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;


/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @date 2019-02-25 10:59
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping(path="test/user")
public class TestUserController {

    @Autowired
    MongoUserService mongoUserService;
    @Autowired
    PrimaryUserService primaryUserService;
    @Autowired
    SlaveUserService slaveUserService;

    /**
     * 新增
     * @param dbType
     * @param unitId
     * @param rollBack
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/bathSave/{dbType}/{unitId}/{rollBack}")
    public R bathSave(@PathVariable DbTypeEnum dbType, @PathVariable String unitId, @PathVariable Boolean rollBack){
        switch (dbType) {
            case MONGO:
                return mongoUserService.bathSave(unitId, rollBack);
            case PRIMARY:
                return primaryUserService.bathSave(unitId, rollBack);
            default:
                return slaveUserService.bathSave(unitId, rollBack);
        }
    }
}
package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.enums.DbTypeEnum;
import com.example.demo.service.mongo.MongoUnitService;
import com.example.demo.common.R;
import com.example.demo.service.primary.PrimaryUnitService;
import com.example.demo.service.slave.SlaveUnitService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;


/**
 * @author muyuer [email protected]
 * @date 2019-02-25 10:59
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping(path="test/unit")
public class TestUnitController {

    @Autowired
    MongoUnitService mongoUnitService;
    @Autowired
    PrimaryUnitService primaryUnitService;
    @Autowired
    SlaveUnitService slaveUnitService;

    /**
     * 新增
     * @param dbType 数据库
     * @param rollBack 是否回滚
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/bathSave/{dbType}/{rollBack}")
    public R bathSave(@PathVariable DbTypeEnum dbType, @PathVariable Boolean rollBack) {
        switch (dbType) {
            case MONGO:
                return mongoUnitService.bathSave(rollBack);
            case PRIMARY:
                return primaryUnitService.bathSave(rollBack);
            default:
                return slaveUnitService.bathSave(rollBack);
        }
    }
}

测试

PostMan post 地址

MONGO库 不回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/MONGO/0

MONGO库 回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/MONGO/1

Oracle库 不回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/PRIMARY/0

Oracle库 回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/PRIMARY/1

MySQL库 不回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/SLAVE/0

MySQL库 回滚 http://localhost:8077/test/unit/bathSave/SLAVE/1

在实际应用中爬过的坑

  • 1.MongoDB的版本必须是4.0

  • 2.MongoDB事务功能必须是在多副本集的情况下才能使用,否则报错"Sessions are not supported by the MongoDB cluster to which this client is connected",4.2版本会支持分片事务。

  • 3.事务控制只能用在已存在的集合中,也就是集合需要手工添加不会由jpa创建会报错"Cannot create namespace glcloud.test_user in multi-document transaction."

  • 4.多数据源时需要指定事务 @Transactional(value = "transactionManager") 如果只有1个数据源不需要指定value

  • 5.事务注解到类上时,该类的所有 public 方法将都具有该类型的事务属性,但一般都是注解到方法上便于实现更精确的事务控制

  • 6.事务传递性,事务子方法上不必添加事务注解,如果子方法也提供api调用可用注解propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED也就是继承调用它的事务,如果没有事务则新起一个事务

  • 7.启动类上的@EnableTransactionManagement注解,并不是像网上所说必需添加的注解,因为spring boot 默认开始了这个注解的。

  • 8.有人说:注解必须是@Transactional(rollbackFor = { Exception.class }) 测试并不需要rollbackFor = { Exception.class },因为本例中自定义异常类继承自RuntimeException spring boot事物默认在遇到RuntimeException不论rollbackFor的异常是啥,都会进行事务的回滚,加上rollbackFor=Exception.class,可以让事物在遇到非运行时异常时也回滚

    具体rollbackFor用法可参考:

    Spring中的@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)属性详解

    一次Spring Transactional嵌套事务使用不同的rollbackFor的分析

参考文档

  • Spring Data MongoDB Transactions
  • MongoDB事务

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