使用JTA处理分布式事务
Spring Boot通过Atomkos或Bitronix的内嵌事务管理器支持跨多个XA资源的分布式JTA事务,当部署到恰当的J2EE应用服务器时也会支持JTA事务。
当发现JTA环境时,Spring Boot将使用Spring的 JtaTransactionManager 来管理事务。自动配置的JMS,DataSource和JPA beans将被升级以支持XA事务。可以使用标准的Spring idioms,比如 @Transactional ,来参与到一个分布式事务中。如果处于JTA环境,但仍想使用本地事务,你可以将 spring.jta.enabled 属性设置为 false 来禁用JTA自动配置功能。
常用的事务管理器有:Atomikos、Bitronix、Narayana。
本文主要围绕Atomikos展开,另外的常用事务管理器可执行搜索了解。
Atomikos简介
Atomikos是一种流行的开源事务管理器,可以嵌入到Spring Boot应用程序中,你可以使用spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos启动器来拉取适当的Atomikos库,Spring Boot可以自动配置Atomikos,并确保将适当的依赖设置应用到你的Spring bean中,以实现正确的启动和关闭顺序。
默认情况下,Atomikos事务日志被写入应用程序的主目录中的transaction-logs目录(应用程序jar文件所在的目录),你可以通过在application.properties文件中设置spring.jta.log-dir来定制这个目录的位置,从spring.jta.atomikos.properties开始的属性还可以用于定制Atomikos UserTransactionServiceImp,
请参阅 AtomikosProperties Javadoc 获取完整的详细信息。
为了确保多个事务管理器可以安全地协调相同的资源管理器,每个Atomikos实例必须配置唯一的ID,默认情况下,这个ID是Atomikos运行的机器的IP地址。为了确保生产中具有唯一性,你应该为应用程序的每个实例配置spring.jta.transaction-manager-id属性的不同值。
与SpringBoot集成
SpringBoot默认提供了配置依赖,可直接导入jar包。
compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos', version: '2.0.4.RELEASE'
compile group: 'com.alibaba', name: 'druid', version: '1.1.10'
compile group: 'mysql', name: 'mysql-connector-java', version: '5.1.46'
compile group: 'org.mybatis.spring.boot', name: 'mybatis-spring-boot-starter', version: '1.3.2'
testCompile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-test', version: '2.0.4.RELEASE'
配置多数据源
配置atomikos事务管理器,并配置druid作为数据源并且进行监控
注入数据源使用使用的是com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean,所以参照此类,可以制定以下配置,再使用
@ConfigurationProperties注解根据前缀将配置注入该datasource,省取繁琐的设置配置。
##Spring表数据库配置
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.max-pool-size=25
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.min-pool-size=3
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.max-lifetime=20000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.borrow-connection-timeout=10000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.unique-resource-name=spring
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.username=root
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.password=root
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.initialSize=10
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.minIdle=20
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.maxActive=100
## 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.maxWait=60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.testWhileIdle=true
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.testOnBorrow=false
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.testOnReturn=false
# 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
# 配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-properties.filters=stat,slf4j,wall
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring.xa-data-source-class-name=com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
#------------------------------ 分隔符-------------------------------------
##test表数据库配置
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.max-pool-size=25
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.min-pool-size=3
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.max-lifetime=20000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.borrow-connection-timeout=10000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.unique-resource-name=test
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.username=root
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.password=root
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.initialSize=10
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.minIdle=20
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.maxActive=100
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.maxWait=60000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.testWhileIdle=true
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.testOnBorrow=false
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.testOnReturn=false
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
# 配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-properties.filters=stat,slf4j,wall
spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test.xa-data-source-class-name=com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
接着将配置注入数据源,并且设置durid监控中心:
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class MybatisConfiguration {
/**
* spring数据库配置前缀.
*/
final static String SPRING_PREFIX = "spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.spring";
/**
* test数据库配置前缀.
*/
final static String TEST_PREFIX = "spring.jta.atomikos.datasource.test";
/**
* The constant logger.
*/
final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MybatisConfiguration.class);
/**
* 配置druid显示监控统计信息
* 开启Druid的监控平台 http://localhost:8080/druid
*
* @return servlet registration bean
*/
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() {
logger.info("Init Druid Servlet Configuration ");
ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
// IP白名单,不设默认都可以
// servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow", "192.168.2.25,127.0.0.1");
// IP黑名单(共同存在时,deny优先于allow)
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("deny", "192.168.1.100");
//控制台管理用户
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "root");
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "dashuai");
//是否能够重置数据 禁用HTML页面上的“Reset All”功能
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("resetEnable", "false");
return servletRegistrationBean;
}
/**
* 注册一个filterRegistrationBean
*
* @return filter registration bean
*/
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() {
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(new WebStatFilter());
//添加过滤规则
filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
//添加不需要忽略的格式信息
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
/**
* 配置Spring数据库的数据源
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean(name = "SpringDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = SPRING_PREFIX) // application.properties中对应属性的前缀
public DataSource springDataSource() {
return new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
}
/**
* 配置Test数据库的数据源
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean(name = "TestDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = TEST_PREFIX) // application.properties中对应属性的前缀
public DataSource testDataSource() {
return new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
}
}
再分别对每个数据源进行sessionfactory的配置:
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = {"com.dashuai.learning.jta.mapper.spring"}, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "springSqlSessionFactory")
public class SpringDataSourceConfiguration {
/**
* The constant MAPPER_XML_LOCATION.
*/
public static final String MAPPER_XML_LOCATION = "classpath:mapper/spring/*.xml";
/**
* The Open plat form data source.
*/
@Autowired
@Qualifier("SpringDataSource")
DataSource springDataSource;
/**
* 配置Sql Session模板
*
* @return the sql session template
* @throws Exception the exception
*/
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate springSqlSessionTemplate() throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(springSqlSessionFactory());
}
/**
* 配置SQL Session工厂
*
* @return the sql session factory
* @throws Exception the exception
*/
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory springSqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(springDataSource);
//指定XML文件路径
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(MAPPER_XML_LOCATION));
return factoryBean.getObject();
}
}
Test数据源与Spring数据源大同小异,详情可查看源码。
配置到达这里就完成了。再写一个测试用例,测试多数据源和事务效果:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class JtaApplicationTests {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@Autowired
PeopleService peopleService;
@Test
@Transactional
public void contextLoads() {
User user=new User();
user.setUserName("你妹哦");
user.setPassword("我去");
user.setAge(20);
userService.insertUser(user);
People people = new People();
people.setName("你大爺的");
people.setAge(50);
people.setSex("男");
peopleService.insertPeople(people);
}
}
由于是测试用例,默认@Transactional在全部成功执行完成会回滚,经测试没问题。
再写一个接口对两个表进行添加操作,并且其中一条语句执行失败,查看回滚效果:
@Override
@Transactional
public Boolean insertUserAndPeople(User user, People people) throws RuntimeException {
peopleMapper.insert(people);
try {
userMapper.insertSelective(user);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("抛出runtime异常,导致回滚数据");
}
return true;
}
@PostMapping(value = "/insertPeopleAndUser", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
@ApiOperation(value = "添加两个表", notes = "测试分布式事务", response = ApiResult.class)
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "peopleName", value = "人名", required = true, dataType = "String"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "userName", value = "用户信息", required = true, dataType = "String")
})
public ApiResult insertPeopleAndUser(String peopleName,String userName) throws Exception {
User user=new User();
user.setUserName(userName);
user.setPassword("15251251");
user.setAge(22);
People people = new People();
people.setName(peopleName);
people.setAge(20);
people.setSex("男");
Boolean isSuccess = peopleService.insertUserAndPeople(user, people);
if (isSuccess) {
return ApiResult.prepare().success("同时添加两表成功!");
}
return ApiResult.prepare().error(JSONParseUtils.object2JsonString(people), 500, "添加失败,全部回滚");
}
由于User表的name字段设置了唯一,所以只需插入重复即会报错。
注意,如果@Tranactional失效,可以思考以下问题:
1.mysql是否使用的是innodb;
2.Spring AOP只在抛出RuntimeException时才回滚,就是需要在捕获异常的最后加上throw new RuntimeException;
3.尝试手动回滚。给注解加上参数如:@Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class)
分别向spring库里的user表和test库里的tet表插入一条数据
接着,返回接口添加user表已有的name,触发异常,查看回滚效果。
出现唯一索引异常
查看表插入情况:
可以看到,people表并没有插入数据,也就是当出现异常时,全部数据都回滚了。
学习之路,本就如同逆流而上,不进即退。加油!
本例子的源码已上传至github:
https://github.com/liaozihong/SpringBoot-Learning/tree/master/SpringBoot-JTA-Atomikos.git
参考链接:
Spring boot atomikos 配置好后 @Transactional 注解不生效
Spring Boot(二三) - 使用JTA处理分布式事务