OWASP TOP 10

OWASP TOP 10

官网地址：传送门

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Top 10 Web Application Security Risks

1、Injection（注入攻击）

Injection flaws, such as SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection, occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker’s hostile data can trick the interpreter into executing unintended commands or accessing data without proper authorization.

当将不受信任的数据作为命令或查询的一部分发送到解释器时，会出现诸如SQL，NoSQL，OS和LDAP注入之类的注入漏洞。攻击者的恶意数据可能会诱使解释器执行未经预期的命令或未经适当授权而访问数据。

2、Broken Authentication （失效的身份验证）

Application functions related to authentication and session management are often implemented incorrectly, allowing attackers to compromise passwords, keys, or session tokens, or to exploit other implementation flaws to assume other users’ identities temporarily or permanently.

与身份验证和会话管理相关的应用程序功能通常会错误地实现，从而使攻击者能够破坏密码，密钥或会话令牌，或者利用其他实现缺陷来临时或永久地假定其他用户的身份。

3、Sensitive Data Exposure. （敏感信息泄露）

Many web applications and APIs do not properly protect sensitive data, such as financial, healthcare, and PII. Attackers may steal or modify such weakly protected data to conduct credit card fraud, identity theft, or other crimes. Sensitive data may be compromised without extra protection, such as encryption at rest or in transit, and requires special precautions when exchanged with the browser.

许多Web应用程序和API无法适当地保护敏感数据，例如金融，医疗保健和PII。攻击者可能会窃取或修改受保护程度不高的数据，以进行信用卡欺诈，身份盗用或其他犯罪。敏感数据可能会在没有额外保护的情况下受到损害，例如静态加密或传输中加密，并且与浏览器进行交换时需要采取特殊的预防措施。

4、XML External Entities (XXE) （XML外部实体注入）

Many older or poorly configured XML processors evaluate external entity references within XML documents. External entities can be used to disclose internal files using the file URI handler, internal file shares, internal port scanning, remote code execution, and denial of service attacks.

许多较旧的或配置不当的XML处理器都会评估XML文档中的外部实体引用。外部实体可用于使用文件URI处理程序，内部文件共享，内部端口扫描，远程代码执行和拒绝服务攻击来公开内部文件。

5、Broken Access Control. （失效的访问控制）

Restrictions on what authenticated users are allowed to do are often not properly enforced. Attackers can exploit these flaws to access unauthorized functionality and/or data, such as access other users’ accounts, view sensitive files, modify other users’ data, change access rights, etc.

通常，没有正确地执行对允许经过身份验证的用户执行操作的限制。攻击者可以利用这些缺陷来访问未经授权的功能和/或数据，例如访问其他用户的帐户，查看敏感文件，修改其他用户的数据，更改访问权限等。

6、Security Misconfiguration. （安全配置错误）

Security misconfiguration is the most commonly seen issue. This is commonly a result of insecure default configurations, incomplete or ad hoc configurations, open cloud storage, misconfigured HTTP headers, and verbose error messages containing sensitive information. Not only must all operating systems, frameworks, libraries, and applications be securely configured, but they must be patched/upgraded in a timely fashion.

安全配置错误是最常见的问题。这通常是由于不安全的默认配置，不完整或临时的配置，开放的云存储，错误配置的HTTP标头以及包含敏感信息的冗长错误消息的结果。不仅必须安全地配置所有操作系统，框架，库和应用程序，而且还必须及时对其进行补丁/升级。

7、Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). （跨站脚本攻击）

XSS flaws occur whenever an application includes untrusted data in a new web page without proper validation or escaping, or updates an existing web page with user-supplied data using a browser API that can create HTML or JavaScript. XSS allows attackers to execute scripts in the victim’s browser which can hijack user sessions, deface web sites, or redirect the user to malicious sites.

每当应用程序在未经适当验证或转义的情况下在新网页中包含不受信任的数据，或者使用可以创建HTML或JavaScript的浏览器API用用户提供的数据更新现有网页时，都会发生XSS漏洞。XSS允许攻击者在受害者的浏览器中执行脚本，这些脚本可以劫持用户会话，破坏网站或将用户重定向到恶意网站。

8、Insecure Deserialization. （不安全的反序列化）

Insecure deserialization often leads to remote code execution. Even if deserialization flaws do not result in remote code execution, they can be used to perform attacks, including replay attacks, injection attacks, and privilege escalation attacks.

不安全的反序列化通常会导致远程执行代码。即使反序列化缺陷不会导致远程执行代码，也可以将它们用于执行攻击，包括重播攻击，注入攻击和特权升级攻击。

9、Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities. （使用含有已知漏洞的组件）

Components, such as libraries, frameworks, and other software modules, run with the same privileges as the application. If a vulnerable component is exploited, such an attack can facilitate serious data loss or server takeover. Applications and APIs using components with known vulnerabilities may undermine application defenses and enable various attacks and impacts.

诸如库，框架和其他软件模块之类的组件以与应用程序相同的特权运行。如果利用了易受攻击的组件，则此类攻击可能会导致严重的数据丢失或服务器接管。使用具有已知漏洞的组件的应用程序和API可能破坏应用程序防御，并造成各种攻击和影响。

10、Insufficient Logging & Monitoring. （日志和监控不足）

Insufficient logging and monitoring, coupled with missing or ineffective integration with incident response, allows attackers to further attack systems, maintain persistence, pivot to more systems, and tamper, extract, or destroy data. Most breach studies show time to detect a breach is over 200 days, typically detected by external parties rather than internal processes or monitoring.

日志和监视的不足，再加上事件响应的缺失或无效集成，使攻击者可以进一步攻击系统，保持持久性，转向更多系统以及篡改，提取或破坏数据。大多数违规研究表明，检测到违规的时间超过200天，通常是由外部各方而不是内部流程或监视来检测。