四大组件之Service

1.服务是什么

服务是Android在实现后台运行时的解决方案,适用于不用和用户有界面交互的后台长期运行任务。
注意

  • 服务并不是独立的进程,它依赖于创建服务的应用程序进程,当应用被杀时,服务也终止
  • 服务也不是在子线程中运行的,默认情况都是在主线程执行,因此长时操作也要开启子线程来执行。

2.多线程编程

2.1 Android异步消息处理机制:Handler

  • Message:可以在线程间传递的消息,一般通过msg.what来传递想要主/子线程想要做的消息
  • Handler:消息的处理者,用于发送以及处理收到的消息。
  • MessageQueue:消息队列,它用于存放所有通过Handler发送的消息,这些消息则是存储在这个队列中,等待被处理。每个线程只有一个MessageQueue对象。
  • Looper:MessageQueue的管家, 调用Looper的loop方法后,开始进入无限循环,发现MessageQueue中有msg的时候,就把它取出并传给Handler的handleMessage方法中。
四大组件之Service_第1张图片
Android异步处理消息流程图

2.2 使用AsyncTask

AsyncTask是android为开发者提供的异步工具。可以方便开发者在子线程中对UI进行操作。

    private class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask {

        //后台线程执行前的准备工作防止这个方法里
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
        }

        //后台执行长时操作
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            return null;
        }

        //在doInBackground 方法中调用onProgressUpdate方法时,执行该方法(主线程里执行)
        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);
        }

        //后台任务执行完毕时自动调用,在主线程里执行
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean aBoolean) {
            super.onPostExecute(aBoolean);
        }

    }
……
……

//执行AsyncTask
new MyAsyncTask.execute()

AsyncTask的三个范型参数:Params, Progress, Result:分别用来传入参数,表示进度,表示执行结果。


3.服务的基本用法

3.1 启动和停止服务

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
        startService(intent);
        stopService(intent);

3.2 Service的基本定义

public class MyService extends Service {
    public MyService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    //Called when Service being created for the first time
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
    }

    //Called when Service is called by outside every time
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    //Called when Service being destroyed, recycle useless resources in this function
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

3.3 服务和其它组件通信 Binder

在服务端(Service)创建一个binder提供给客户端(这里是Activity);客户端可以通过调用binder中的public方法来获取服务中的相关信息。

服务度端定义binder

    private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();

    //the server side returns a IBinder for client to access opened functions of the binder
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    class DownloadBinder extends Binder {
        public void startDownload() {
            Log.i("lyh", "start download");
        }

        public int getProgress() {
            Log.i("lyh", "download progress");
            return 0;
        }
    }

客户端连接服务,并获取binder

public class DownloadTestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private MyService.DownloadBinder mIBinder;
    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mIBinder = (MyService.DownloadBinder) service;
            mIBinder.startDownload();
            mIBinder.getProgress();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_download_test);
        //bind service
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);

        /**
         * Flag for {@link #bindService}: automatically create the service as long
         * as the binding exists.  Note that while this will create the service,
         * its {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
         * method will still only be called due to an
         * explicit call to {@link #startService}.  Even without that, though,
         * this still provides you with access to the service object while the
         * service is created.
         **/
        bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

        //unbind service:
        //unbindService(connection);
    }
}

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