Centos7编译安装

内核编译安装系统

1/从官网下载kernel包文件；www.kernel.org

2/下载完成后解压到/root下；查看文件大小；
 #ll -h linux-4.12.tar.xz
 查看分区空间及硬盘空间大小；是否足够；


3/解压kernel包；
 tar -xvf kernel-4.12.tar.xz

 
4/查看目录大小
#du -sh linux-4.12

5/参考当前操作系统文件为模板进行调整
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5392080 Nov 23  2016 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
模板对应的配置文件；
#cd /boot
config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64  模板配置文件
grub
grub2
initramfs-0-rescue-c13ed9ba529c45d6bf915ca67e74c338.img
initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img
initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64kdump.img
initrd-plymouth.img
symvers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.gz
System.map-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
vmlinuz-0-rescue-c13ed9ba529c45d6bf915ca67e74c338
vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

***
confing-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 
在此文件里有记录了vmlinuz所选的功能，给以在此之上选择想加进去的功能选项；

有些不常用的驱动模块放置到 /lib/modules里
***
/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_6
常用的驱动放置

/usr/lib/modules/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64---ko文件，模块方式
不常用的驱动模块放置
***

vim confing-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
查看配置文件，


[root@centos7 boot]#updatedb
[root@centos7 boot]#locate ntfs.ko
[root@centos7 boot]#vim config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 

# Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT.
# Linux/x86_64 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 Kernel Configuration
#
CONFIG_64BIT=y              y表示安装到/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_6
CONFIG_X86=y
CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER=y
CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT="elf64-x86-64"
CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG="arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig"

CONFIG_SLUB=y
CONFIG_PROFILING=y
CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS=y
CONFIG_OPROFILE=m           m表示安装到/usr/lib/modules/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
CONFIG_OPROFILE_EVENT_MULTIPLEX=y
CONFIG_HAVE_OPROFILE=y
CONFIG_OPROFILE_NMI_TIMER=y
CONFIG_KPROBES=y

# CONFIG_EXT3_FS is not set
CONFIG_EXT4_FS=m             模块文件
CONFIG_EXT4_USE_FOR_EXT23=y
CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y


[root@centos7 ~]#locate ext.ko
/usr/lib/modules/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64/kernel/net/sched/em_text.ko


6/将配置文件拷贝到/root/linux-4.12/.config

[root@centos7 boot]#cp config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64  /root/linux-4.12/.config
[root@centos7 boot]#wc -l /root/linux-4.12/.config 
5848 /root/linux-4.12/.config
查看文件行数

配置文件行数较多，用菜单工具定制内核选项；
需安装开发工具包组
[root@centos7 boot]#yum install "Development tools"
[root@centos7 boot]#yum groupinstall "Development tools"

包组安装完成后，运行软件工具 make menuconfig

进入到/linux-4.12目录下运行软件工具；


[root@centos7 ~]#ls
1.log                  Downloads             Pictures
2017-07-02-22.tar.xz   initial-setup-ks.cfg  Public
2017-07-02-Jul.tar.xz  IP.sh                 script
a                      linux-4.12            select.sh
anaconda-ks.cfg        linux-4.12.tar.xz     Templates
cat                    Music                 testdir
Desktop                oper2017-07-07.log    Videos
Documents              opertion.sh
[root@centos7 ~]#cd linux-4.12
[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#ls
arch     crypto         include  kernel       net       sound
block    Documentation  init     lib          README    tools
certs    drivers        ipc      MAINTAINERS  samples   usr
COPYING  firmware       Kbuild   Makefile     scripts   virt
CREDITS  fs             Kconfig  mm           security
[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#make menuconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
 *** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the
 *** required header files.
 *** 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries.
 *** 
 *** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again.
 *** 
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] Error 1
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2
[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#yum install ncurses-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.hust.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================
 Package            Arch        Version                   Repository
                                                                     Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
 ncurses-devel      x86_64      5.9-13.20130511.el7       base      713 k

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 713 k
Installed size: 2.1 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64.rpm         | 713 kB   00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64               1/1 
  Verifying  : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64               1/1 

Installed:
  ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7                              

Complete!


安装缺少的安装包；

进入到/root/linux-4.12目录下（解压的目录）：
[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#make menuconfig

* 为保存到内核文件/boot/vmlinuz

M 为保存到模块文件/usr/lib/modules/


进入图形菜单栏，编辑本地kernel版本，
General setup--->

local - append to kernel release

save---保存

File systems --->编辑文件系统

DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->

 NTFS file system support                           

[*]   NTFS debugging support                          
[*]   NTFS write support 

save ---> 保存退出

[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#ll .config /boot/config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137696 Nov 23  2016 /boot/config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168537 Jul 12 17:40 .config

# CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_UTF8 is not set
CONFIG_NTFS_FS=m      设置成功
CONFIG_NTFS_DEBUG=y
CONFIG_NTFS_RW=y

#
# Pseudo filesystems


#在/root/linux-4.2-- 目录下
#make -j 4 编译

#ll -sh


#make modules_install 生成KO文件；

[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#ls /lib/modules
3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64  4.12.0-byf-1.2

[root@centos7 modules]#find 4.12.0-byf-1.2/ -name "*.ko"

[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#make install
Makefile:933: "Cannot use CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION, please install libelf-dev, libelf-devel or elfutils-libelf-devel"
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.12.0-byf-1.2 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
        System.map "/boot"
^Cmkinitrd failed
make: *** [install] Interrupt

[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#yum install  elfutils-libelf-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.hust.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================================
 Package                                Arch                    Version                      Repository             Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 elfutils-libelf-devel                  x86_64                  0.166-2.el7                  base                   37 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 37 k
Installed size: 31 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.166-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                      |  37 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : elfutils-libelf-devel-0.166-2.el7.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Verifying  : elfutils-libelf-devel-0.166-2.el7.x86_64                                                              1/1 

Installed:
  elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.166-2.el7                                                                             

Complete!



[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#ls /boot
config-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64                             System.map-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
grub                                                     System.map-4.12.0-byf-1.2
grub2                                                    System.map-4.12.0-byf-1.2.old
initramfs-0-rescue-c13ed9ba529c45d6bf915ca67e74c338.img  vmlinuz
initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img                      vmlinuz-0-rescue-c13ed9ba529c45d6bf915ca67e74c338
initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64kdump.img                 vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
initrd-plymouth.img                                      vmlinuz-4.12.0-byf-1.2
symvers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.gz                         vmlinuz-4.12.0-byf-1.2.old


[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#make install
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.12.0-byf-1.2 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
        System.map "/boot"

[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
查看配置文件是否生成
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (4.12.0-byf-1.2) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64-advanced-f86bb45c-c257-4f7c-ae3c-fa72b50f277c' 


[root@centos7 linux-4.12]#uname -r
3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

重启选择编译的内核启动；

[root@centos7 ~]#uname -r
4.12.0-byf-1.2
启动成功；

ntfs格式linux只支持只读；
#mount -o rw /dev/sdc1 /mnt
#mount 可以看出只读；

1下载kernel 源码包
tar xf linux.XXX.xz
/root/linux.4.12/

2 生成配置模版文件 
cp /boot/config.XXX /root/linux.4.12/.config

3 yum groupnstall  "Development Tools"
yum install ncurses-devel 

4 make menuconfig 
选中NTFS
local version 

5 make -j 4 && for i in {1..10};do echo -e "\a";sleep 1;done

6 make modules_install  /lib/modules/`uname -r`

7 make install  /boot/vmlinuz  /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

在已经执行过编译操作的内核源码树做重新编译
  需要事先清理操作：
make clean ：清理大多数编译生成的文件，但会保留
config 文件等
make mrproper:  清理所有编译生成的文件、config 及某
些备份文件
make distclean ：mrproper 、patches以及编辑器备份文件

  删除/lib/modules/ 目录下不需要的内核库文件
  删除/usr/src/linux/ 目录下不需要的内核源码
  删除/boot 目录下启动的内核和内核映像文件
  更改grub 的配置文件，删除不需要的内核启动列表

编译安装

cd isolinux/
ll vmlinuz 内核文件
跟boot目录下的一样
出厂版本，及日期

上传 linux-4.12.tar.xz文件(rz)

占用10G多的空间

解开包--解压缩 
tar xf linux---


#du -sh linux-4.12


ll /boot/vmlinuz  参考文件进行修改

cd /boot

config----   配置文件，

ls /lib/modules


更新数据库updatedb

locate ntfs.ko

ls

locate ext4.ko

菜单工具

安装开发工具包组
yum groupinstall "development Tools“


make menuconfig 运行软件工具


install 安装缺少的包文件
 

uname -r
内核版本


fIle system 
文件系统


DOS/FAT/NT  ntfs


make -j  4  有四颗cpu 四线程
 
cd /root/lnux---
ls 
查看生成的目录

（b）make manuconfig

ls /lib/modules
make  modules_install
自动添加到配置文建中
 
编译：
cd /root/linux

ls net/

1、可以选择性编译

2、指定某个特定的目录进行编译


编译的平台 make ARHM


updatedb 更新

locate ntfs.ko
看文件

make modules_install


cd /root/linux-
切换 并进行操作 make install

reboot
重启后选择新的内核启动


系统中的程序支持不支持内核，不支持将使用不了

ntfs 不支持，只读更改不了{windows}

locate /lib/modules

选择性编译；




#############################################make clean 清除文件
在 想～清理的目录下进行清理

make mrproper 清理所有的编译生成的文件

makedistclean  

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卸载内核 





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