√ 后缀：-ule | -el

-ule | -el

-cule/-(c)le | -ella

名词微称后缀，有时也做形容词和动词

❈-ule来源于法语中的-ule，拉丁语后缀-ula，是-ulus（阳性）、-ulum（中性）、-ula（阴性）的微称（diminutive）形式（可以看做-ul us -a，见-a）。有时在元音-i-、-e-、-u-后变为-cule（法语-cule、拉丁语-culus、-culum、-cula）；有时通过法语变为-le（如-culus/-culum/-cula→-cle）；有时候也以原型词出现，如formula。

以面不是微称形式但借用了此种变化：

[L]amplus→[OF]ample→ample
vehicle
[L]populus→[OF]peupel→[AF]people→people
[L]insula(island)→[OF]isle→isle
[L]duo(two)→[L]duplus(twofold)→[OF]doble→double
[L]singulus(one)→[OF]sengle,sangle→single
simple

[L]miraculum(object of wonder)→[OF]miracle→miracle
[L]spectaculum(a public show)→[OF]spectacle→spectacle
[L]copula(tie, connection)→[OF]cople→[MF]couple→couple

❈-el来自于古法语中的-el、-elle、-eau，拉丁语中的-ellus、-ellum和-ella，也是一个微称后缀。

[L]pennus(piece of cloth)→[L]pennuellus(small piece of cloth)→panel
[L]vas(vase)→[L]vascullum→[LL]vascellum(small vase)→vassel
[L]modus(measure, manner)→[L]modulus(small measure)[VL]modellus→[MF]modelle→model （比较 module）
[L]pars(part)→[L]particula(small part)→[VL]particellay→[OF]parcele→parcel （比较 particle）
[L]pasta(a salted mess of food)→[LL]pastellus(dye from the leaves of the woad plant)→pastel
[L]cappa(cape)→[ML]cappella(little cape)→[OF]chapele→chapel
[L]libra(balance, scale)→[L]libella(a balance)→[OF]livel→level
[L]novus(new)→[L]novellus(new, young, recent)→[OF]novel→novel
[L]tonne(tun)→[MF]tonnelle→tunnel

有时以外来语原型词出现，如
[L]novus(new)→[L]novellus(new, young, recent)→[F]nouvelle→nouvelle
[L]patina(pan)→[L]patella(kneecap)→patella
[L]umbra(shade, shadow)→[L]umbella(sunshade)→[LL]umbrella→umbrella
[OF]table→[F]tableau→tableau （比较 tablet）