Java集合系列之ArrayList

继承关系

public class ArrayList extends AbstractList
    implements List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
public abstract class AbstractList extends AbstractCollection implements List 
public abstract class AbstractCollection implements Collection

RandomAccess

public interface RandomAccess {
}

一个空接口,起到一个标记的作用,有此接口的集合,通过下标来获取元素的速度比Iterator遍历器快

成员变量

1.默认数组容量

private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

2.默认空数组

private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

3.底层数据结构是数组

 transient Object[] elementData;

数组类型是object,transient表示该数组不能被序列化

4.数组中的元素个数

 private int size;

关键方法

1.构造方法

//构造方法1
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                           initialCapacity);
    }
}

//构造方法2
public ArrayList() {
    this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}

//构造方法3
public ArrayList(Collection c) {
    elementData = c.toArray();
    if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
        // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
        if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
    } else {
        // replace with empty array.
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }
}

构造方法1
根据指定容量,创建一个对象数组

构造方法2
初始化一个空对象数组

构造方法3
创建一个和指定集合一样的对象数组

2.添加元素

//在末尾添加元素
public boolean add(E e) {
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
}


//在指定位置添加元素
public void add(int index, E element) {
    rangeCheckForAdd(index);

    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
    System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                     size - index);
    elementData[index] = element;
    size++;
}

//在末尾添加一个集合
public boolean addAll(Collection c) {
    Object[] a = c.toArray();
    int numNew = a.length;
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
    System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
    size += numNew;
    return numNew != 0;
}

//在指定位置添加一个集合
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection c) {
    rangeCheckForAdd(index);

    Object[] a = c.toArray();
    int numNew = a.length;
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount

    int numMoved = size - index;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
                         numMoved);

    System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
    size += numNew;
    return numNew != 0;
}

分析
在指定位置添加元素的时候会调用rangeCheckForAdd方法

//要求0<=index<=size,否则抛异常
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
    if (index > size || index < 0)
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}

无论是哪个add方法,都必调用ensureCapacityInternal方法

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
    if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
        minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
    }

    ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}

如果数组是空数组,则minCapacity==10,这就是为什么在调用ArrayList的空构造方法时,默认容量是10的原因了。

该方法会调用ensureExplicitCapacity方法

private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    modCount++;

    // overflow-conscious code
    if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
        grow(minCapacity);
}

modCount记录ArrayList的修改次数

当容量不能达到minCapacity时,会调用grow方法增加容量
这个minCapacity的值,对于add来说是size+1,对于addAll来说是size+要添加的集合的size

private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    // overflow-conscious code
    int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
    if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
        newCapacity = minCapacity;
    if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
        newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
    // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}

新的容量首先扩张为旧容量的1.5倍
如果扩充后的容量仍然小于minCapacity,则新的容量扩充为minCapacity
如果新的容量超过最大容量,则调用hugeCapacity方法

private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
        throw new OutOfMemoryError();
    return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
        Integer.MAX_VALUE :
        MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}

从这里可以看出ArrayList的最大容易是 Integer.MAX_VALUE,而不是 Integer.MAX_VALUE-8

当新的容量计算好之后,就之前的数组中的元素一一复制到新容量的数组里面。

3.数组扩容

public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
        // any size if not default element table
        ? 0
        // larger than default for default empty table. It's already
        // supposed to be at default size.
        : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;

    if (minCapacity > minExpand) {
        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }
}

我们知道数组在扩容过程中,需要数组的复制操作,这个挺耗时的,为了减少扩容的操作,可以直接调用该方法,直接指定数组的容量。但缺点就是浪费内存。

4. 删除元素

//删除指定位置上的元素
public E remove(int index) {
    rangeCheck(index);

    modCount++;
    E oldValue = elementData(index);

    int numMoved = size - index - 1;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                         numMoved);
    elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

    return oldValue;
}

//删除指定元素
public boolean remove(Object o) {
    if (o == null) {
        for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
            if (elementData[index] == null) {
                fastRemove(index);
                return true;
            }
    } else {
        for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
            if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                fastRemove(index);
                return true;
            }
    }
    return false;
}


//把公共代码提出来了,没看出哪里快了
private void fastRemove(int index) {
    modCount++;
    int numMoved = size - index - 1;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                         numMoved);
    elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}


public boolean removeAll(Collection c) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(c);
    return batchRemove(c, false);
}

public boolean retainAll(Collection c) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(c);
    return batchRemove(c, true);
}

//complement为ture,保留公共元素,为false,去除本集合中和指定集合一样的元素
private boolean batchRemove(Collection c, boolean complement) {
    final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
    int r = 0, w = 0;
    boolean modified = false;
    try {
        for (; r < size; r++)
            if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
                elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
    } finally {
        // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
        // even if c.contains() throws.
        if (r != size) {
            System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
                             elementData, w,
                             size - r);
            w += size - r;
        }
        if (w != size) {
            // clear to let GC do its work
            for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
                elementData[i] = null;
            modCount += size - w;
            size = w;
            modified = true;
        }
    }
    return modified;
}

分析
删除操作,会先计算出要删除元素的位置,然后将该位置后面的元素统一像前移动一位,同时size-1
删除操作不会改变数组的容量

5.修改,查询元素

//修改指定位置的元素,并返回该位置之前的元素
public E set(int index, E element) {
    rangeCheck(index);

    E oldValue = elementData(index);
    elementData[index] = element;
    return oldValue;
}

//根据下标获取元素
public E get(int index) {
    rangeCheck(index);

    return elementData(index);
}

其他方法就不一一说明了

总结

ArrayList是一个动态可扩容的数组
当通过空构造函数创建ArrayList时,默认容量为10

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