今年苹果发布了 iPhone 6s 和 iPhone 6s Plus,其中最引人关注的更新便是加入了全新的触控方式——3D Touch。最近几天简单地研究了一下,跟大家分享一下我的一些经验。
UIApplicationShortcutItems
当你重按应用的图标时,会弹出类似这样的小菜单(以微信为例):
添加这样的快捷菜单主要有 静态 和 动态 两种方法:
静态方法
参看 UIApplicationShortcutItems-苹果官方文档
可以看到 UIApplicationShortcutItemTitle
和 UIApplicationShortcutItemType
这两个变量是必须的。
我们在项目的 info.plist
文件中添加如下信息:
运行结果:
动态方法
动态方法是在项目中添加代码:
UIApplicationShortcutItem *item1 = [[UIApplicationShortcutItem alloc] initWithType:@"one" localizedTitle:@"Title One" localizedSubtitle:@"Sub one" icon:[UIApplicationShortcutIcon iconWithType:UIApplicationShortcutIconTypePlay] userInfo:nil];
UIApplicationShortcutItem *item2 = [[UIApplicationShortcutItem alloc] initWithType:@"two" localizedTitle:@"Title Two" localizedSubtitle:@"Sub two" icon:[UIApplicationShortcutIcon iconWithType:UIApplicationShortcutIconTypeHome] userInfo:nil];
[UIApplication sharedApplication].shortcutItems = @[item1, item2];
当该段代码在程序中被执行过一次后才会被添加到主屏幕的 ShortcutItems
菜单中。
运行结果:
注意: ShortcutItems 会优先加载静态方法添加的,然后加载动态方法添加的,并且同时只能拥有最多4个ShortcutItems。
选择 ShortcutItem 后的回调
在 AppDelegate
根据 shortcutItem.type
判断回调方法:
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application performActionForShortcutItem:(UIApplicationShortcutItem *)shortcutItem completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL))completionHandler {
if ([shortcutItem.type isEqualToString:@"one"]) {
NSLog(@"Choose One");
MyViewController *vc = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
vc.title = @"One";
vc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
[self.window.rootViewController showViewController:vc sender:nil];
} else if ([shortcutItem.type isEqualToString:@"two"]) {
NSLog(@"Choose Two");
MyViewController *vc = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
vc.title = @"Two";
vc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
[self.window.rootViewController showViewController:vc sender:nil];
}
}
按压力度感应
在9.0后 UITouch
新增这样两个属性:
我们创建一个继承于 UIView
的自定义View,这里我们首先要判断一下设备是否支持3D Touch:
- (BOOL)check3DTouch {
if (self.traitCollection.forceTouchCapability == UIForceTouchCapabilityAvailable) {
return YES;
} else {
return NO;
}
}
然后在 touchesMoved
中调用方法:
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
if ([self check3DTouch]) {
UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
self.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:touch.force / touch.maximumPossibleForce green:0.0f blue:0.0f alpha:1.0f];
} else {
NSLog(@"CAN NOT USE 3D TOUCH!");
}
}
这样我们我创建了一个可以根据按压力度改变颜色的View。
Peek & Pop
Peek和Pop:
Peek是指重按一下后出现的预览,Pop是在Peek后进一步按压后进入预览的视图控制器。
首先遵循代理
然后监测设备是否支持3D Touch,若支持则对需要响应Peek操作的视图进行注册:
- (void)check3DTouch {
if (self.traitCollection.forceTouchCapability == UIForceTouchCapabilityAvailable) {
[self registerForPreviewingWithDelegate:self sourceView:_label];
}
}
Peek的代理方法
- (UIViewController *)previewingContext:(id)previewingContext viewControllerForLocation:(CGPoint)location {
MyViewController *vc = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
vc.title = @"Hello";
vc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
return vc;
}
其实就是返回一个视图控制器实例,但是看网上说这个方法会被多次调用,我实际测试有时会调用多次,有时只调用一次,还是不太清楚具体调用情况,有知道的朋友欢迎交流一下。为了保险起见,还是建议写成下面的形式:
- (UIViewController *)previewingContext:(id)previewingContext viewControllerForLocation:(CGPoint)location {
if ([self.presentedViewController isKindOfClass:[MyViewController class]]) {
return nil;
} else {
MyViewController *vc = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
vc.title = @"Hello";
vc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
return vc;
}
}
至于Pop的方法就更简单了,直接调用下面的方法:
Pop的代理方法
- (void)previewingContext:(id)previewingContext commitViewController:(UIViewController *)viewControllerToCommit {
[self showViewController:viewControllerToCommit sender:self];
}
PreviewAction Items
有时在进入Peek但未Pop的时候,我们可以向上滑动选 PreviewAction Items
PreviewAction Items 是在被预览的viewController下面添加下面方法实现的:
- (NSArray> *)previewActionItems {
UIPreviewAction *action1 = [UIPreviewAction actionWithTitle:@"Default" style:UIPreviewActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIPreviewAction * _Nonnull action, UIViewController * _Nonnull previewViewController) {
}];
UIPreviewAction *action2 = [UIPreviewAction actionWithTitle:@"Selected" style:UIPreviewActionStyleSelected handler:^(UIPreviewAction * _Nonnull action, UIViewController * _Nonnull previewViewController) {
}];
UIPreviewAction *action3 = [UIPreviewAction actionWithTitle:@"Destructive" style:UIPreviewActionStyleDestructive handler:^(UIPreviewAction * _Nonnull action, UIViewController * _Nonnull previewViewController) {
}];
NSArray *actions = @[action1, action2, action3];
UIPreviewActionGroup *group = [UIPreviewActionGroup actionGroupWithTitle:@"Actions Group" style:UIPreviewActionStyleDefault actions:actions];
UIPreviewAction *action4 = [UIPreviewAction actionWithTitle:@"Single Action" style:UIPreviewActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIPreviewAction * _Nonnull action, UIViewController * _Nonnull previewViewController) {
}];
NSArray *array = @[group, action4];
return array;
}
通过返回 UIPreviewAction
或 UIPreviewActionGroup
组成的数组实现。
一个viewController下注册多个视图控件
前面说到如果要让视图控件响应Peek操作需要对其进行注册,但是如果一个viewController中有多个控件需要响应Peek并且可能不知道何时会出现的时候(譬如添加了一个tableView后,需要每一个单独的cell独立响应一个Peek操作),是不可能一个一个注册的,这个时候我们可以直接将- (void)check3DTouch
中的代码改成:
- (void)check3DTouch {
if (self.traitCollection.forceTouchCapability == UIForceTouchCapabilityAvailable) {
[self registerForPreviewingWithDelegate:self sourceView:self.view];
}
}
我们直接注册整个view,根据peek代理方法中的属性location
判断响应的UI控件
- (UIViewController *)previewingContext:(id)previewingContext viewControllerForLocation:(CGPoint)location {
if (CGRectContainsPoint(_tableView.frame, location)) {
if ([self.presentedViewController isKindOfClass:[DisplayViewController class]]) {
return nil;
} else {
location = [self.view convertPoint:location toView:_tableView];
NSIndexPath *indexPath = [_tableView indexPathForRowAtPoint:location];
NSLog(@"%@", indexPath);
DisplayViewController *displayVC = [[DisplayViewController alloc] init];
displayVC.title = [_tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath].textLabel.text;
displayVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0
green:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0
blue:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0
alpha:1.0];
// peek预览窗口大小
displayVC.preferredContentSize = CGSizeMake(0.0, 100 * indexPath.row);
// 进入peek前不被虚化的rect
previewingContext.sourceRect = [self.view convertRect:[_tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath].frame fromView:_tableView];
return displayVC;
}
}
if ([self.presentedViewController isKindOfClass:[MyViewController class]]) {
return nil;
} else {
if (CGRectContainsPoint(_label.frame, location)) {
MyViewController *vc = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
vc.title = @"Hello";
vc.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
NSLog(@"New ViewController.");
return vc;
}
}
return nil;
}
3D Touch 小应用 —— 压力感应画板
这段是引用了 crazypoo/TouchNewAPI 的代码
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
_touchPoint = [touch locationInView:_drawBoard];
}
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint currentPoint = [touch locationInView:_drawBoard];
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(_drawBoard.frame.size);
[_drawBoard.image drawInRect:_drawBoard.frame];
CGContextSetLineCap(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(), kCGLineCapRound);
float lineWidth = 10.0f;
if (self.traitCollection.forceTouchCapability == UIForceTouchCapabilityAvailable) {
lineWidth *= touch.force;
}
CGContextSetLineWidth(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(), lineWidth);
CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
CGContextMoveToPoint(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(), _touchPoint.x, _touchPoint.y);
CGContextAddLineToPoint(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(), currentPoint.x, currentPoint.y);
CGContextStrokePath(UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext());
_drawBoard.image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
_touchPoint = currentPoint;
}
以上是我的一点浅薄的心得,本文中所有代码都已经上传至 kisekied/3DTouchDemo 欢迎大家交流讨论。