NSManagedObjectContext

一、概念

1.Core Data 是数据持久化存储的最佳方式

2.数据最终的存储类型可以是:SQLite数据库,XML,二进制,内存里,或自定义数据类型

在Mac OS X 10.5Leopard及以后的版本中,开发者也可以通过继承NSPersistentStore类以创建自定义的存储格式

3.好处:能够合理管理内存,避免使用sql的麻烦,高效

4.构成:

(1)NSManagedObjectContext(被管理的数据上下文)

操作实际内容(操作持久层)

作用:插入数据,查询数据,删除数据

(2)NSManagedObjectModel(被管理的数据模型)

数据库所有表格或数据结构,包含各实体的定义信息

作用:添加实体的属性,建立属性之间的关系

操作方法:视图编辑器,或代码

(3)NSPersistentStoreCoordinator(持久化存储助理)

相当于数据库的连接器

作用:设置数据存储的名字,位置,存储方式,和存储时机

(4)NSManagedObject(被管理的数据记录)

相当于数据库中的表格记录

(5)NSFetchRequest(获取数据的请求)

相当于查询语句

(6)NSEntityDescription(实体结构)

相当于表格结构

(7)后缀为.xcdatamodeld的包
里面是.xcdatamodel文件,用数据模型编辑器编辑

编译后为.momd或.mom文件

5.依赖关系 http://pic002.cnblogs.com/images/2012/373740/2012100910564755.png

二、基于SQLite数据库时,Core Data的简单使用

和SQLite的区别:只能取出整个实体记录,然后分解,之后才能得到实体的某个属性

提供context对象 NSManagedObjectContext:负责用户与数据之间的交互 persistentContainer:存储器,更新CoreD(表)

 func getContext() -> NSManagedObjectContext  {
        let delegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
        let context = delegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
        return context
    }

继承 CoreData

import CoreData

1.创建一个实体描述

//1.2创建一个实体描述
       let entityDes = NSEntityDescription.entity(forEntityName: "Student", in: self.getContext())
       //1.1创建Student
       let st = NSManagedObject(entity: entityDes!, insertInto: self.getContext())
       //1.3给student赋值 kvc
       st.setValue(10, forKey: "age")
       st.setValue("小王", forKey: "name")
       //1.4保存对象
       try! self.getContext().save()
       print(NSTemporaryDirectory())
       

查询

//1.查那张表
     let resquest = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Student")
      //2.执行查找
       let arr = try! self.getContext().fetch(resquest) as![NSObject]
       //3.查找条件format:谓词(放>,< =,)
       let predicate = NSPredicate(format: "name = '小李'", argumentArray: nil)
       resquest.predicate = predicate
//2.1执行查找

       for item in arr {
           let name = item.value(forKey: "name")
           let age = item.value(forKey: "age")
            try! self.getContext().save()
           
           print("name = \(name) age = \(age)")
           }
//4.排序
        let sort = NSSortDescriptor(key: "age", ascending: true)
        resquest.sortDescriptors = [sort]
        //5.分页
       resquest.fetchOffset = 1
      resquest.fetchLimit = 2
      //6.更新,修改
        item.setValue("小李", forKey: "name")
       //删除
        self.getContext().delete(item as! NSManagedObject)


CoreData 多个教师 和 多个学生的 关系

import UIKit
import CoreData
class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        //1.2
        let des = NSEntityDescription.entity(forEntityName: "Student", in: self.getContext())
       //1.1
        let student = NSManagedObject(entity: des!, insertInto: self.getContext())
        //1.3
        student.setValue("小王", forKey: "name")
        student.setValue(12, forKey: "idCard")
        
        let student1 = NSManagedObject(entity: des!, insertInto: self.getContext())
       
        student1.setValue("小王1", forKey: "name")
        student1.setValue(22, forKey: "idCard")
        //2.2
        let teDes = NSEntityDescription.entity(forEntityName: "Teacher", in: self.getContext())
        //2.1
        let teacher = NSManagedObject(entity: teDes!, insertInto: self.getContext())
        //2.3
       teacher.setValue("老王", forKey: "name")
        teacher.setValue(12, forKey: "age")

        let teacher1 = NSManagedObject(entity: teDes!, insertInto: self.getContext())
        teacher1.setValue("老王1", forKey: "name")
        teacher1.setValue(34, forKey: "age")
        //3.1
        var set = Set() //定义集合
        set.insert(student)
        set.insert(student1)
        teacher.setValue(set, forKey: "students")
        
         var stSet = Set() //定义集合 
              stSet.insert(teacher)
             stSet.insert(teacher1)
        student.setValue(stSet, forKey: "teachers")
       try! self.getContext().save()
        print(NSTemporaryDirectory())//打印沙盒路径
        
        //查找teacher的学生都叫啥
        let request = NSFetchRequest(entityName:"Teacher")
        //查找
        let pre = NSPredicate(format: "name='老王'", argumentArray: nil)
        request.predicate = pre
        //执行查找
        let arr = try! self.getContext().fetch(request) as! [NSManagedObject]
        for item in arr {//获取每一个老师
           let set = item.value(forKey: "students") as! Set
            for stu in set {
                
                print("老王的学生的名字 \(stu.value(forKey: "name"))")
//                item.setValue("老王", forKey: "name")
//                print(item)
            }
        }
    }

    func getContext() ->NSManagedObjectContext{
        let delegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
        let context = delegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
        return context
    }
}

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