Food may influence cancer spread
By James Gallagher
Health and science correspondent, BBC News
7 February 2018
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食物可能会影响詹姆斯加拉格健康和科学记者的癌症传播，BBC新闻于2018年2月7日与Facebook分享这一消息与推特分享
There is mounting evidence the food on your plate can alter cancer's growth and spread, say Cambridge scientists.
Animal research, published in the journal Nature, showed breast tumours struggled without the dietary nutrient asparagine.
It is found in the foodies' favourite asparagus, as well as poultry, seafood and many other foods.
In the future, scientists hope to take advantage of cancer's "culinary addictions" to improve treatment.
Asparagine is an amino acid - a building block of protein - and takes its name from asparagus.
发表在自然杂志上的动物研究表明，乳房肿瘤在没有营养物质的情况下难以进行。它在美食家最喜欢的芦笋，以及家禽、海鲜和许多其他食物中都有发现。在未来，科学家们希望利用癌症的“烹饪瘾”来改善治疗。天门冬氨酸是一种氨基酸，是蛋白质的一种组成部分，它的名字来源于芦笋。
Spread
The study, conducted at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, took place on mice with an aggressive form of breast cancer.
Normally they would die in a couple of weeks as the tumour spread throughout the body.
But when the mice were given a low-asparagine diet or drugs to block asparagine then the tumour struggled to spread.
"It was a really huge change, [the cancers] were very difficult to find," said Prof Greg Hannon.
这项研究是在英国剑桥大学癌症研究所进行的，研究对象是患有恶性乳腺癌的老鼠。通常他们会在几周内死亡，因为肿瘤会扩散到全身。但是，当这些老鼠被给予一种低食素的饮食或药物来阻断它的时候，肿瘤就难以扩散。Greg Hannon说:“这是一个巨大的变化，癌症很难找到。”
Last year, the University of Glasgow showed cutting out the amino acids serine and glycine slowed the development of lymphoma and intestinal cancers.
Prof Hannon told the BBC: "We're seeing increasing evidence that specific cancers are addicted to specific components of our diet.
"In the future, by modifying a patient's diet or by using drugs that change the way that tumour cells can access these nutrients we hope to improve outcomes in therapy."
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去年，格拉斯哥大学的研究表明，切断氨基酸丝氨酸和甘氨酸可以减缓淋巴瘤和肠道癌症的发展。Hannon教授对BBC说:“我们看到越来越多的证据表明，特定的癌症对我们饮食的特定成分上瘾。”“在未来，通过修改患者的饮食或使用药物改变肿瘤细胞获取这些营养物质的方式，我们希望能改善治疗效果。”水果和蔬菜:更长寿的人每天吃10种控制的氨基酸饮食可以帮助癌症治疗
Cancer
An initial tumour is rarely deadly. It is when the cancer spreads throughout the body - or metastasises - that it can become fatal.
A cancerous cell must go through huge changes in order to spread - it must learn to break off the main tumour, survive in the bloodstream and thrive elsewhere in the body.
It is this process for which researchers think asparagine is necessary.
But fear not asparagus lovers, these findings still need to be confirmed in people and asparagine is hard to avoid in the diet anyway.
癌症最初的肿瘤很少是致命的。当癌细胞扩散到全身或转移时，它就会变成致命的。癌细胞必须经过巨大的变化才能扩散——它必须学会脱离主要的肿瘤，在血液中存活，并在身体的其他部位茁壮成长。研究人员认为，这一过程是必要的。但是，不要害怕吃芦笋的人，这些发现仍然需要在人群中得到证实，而天门冬氨酸在饮食中是很难避免的。
In the long run, scientists think patients would be put on special drinks that are nutritionally balanced, but lack asparagine.
Prof Charles Swanton, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "Interestingly, the drug L-asparaginase is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, which is dependent on asparagine.
"It's possible that in future, this drug could be repurposed to help treat breast cancer patients."
Further trials are still necessary.
Baroness Delyth Morgan, the chief executive at Breast Cancer Now, said patients should not go on drastic diets on the back of this study.
She said: "We don't recommend patients totally exclude any specific food group from their diet without speaking to their doctors.
"We'd also encourage all patients to follow a healthy and varied diet."
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从长远来看，科学家们认为病人将会被置于营养均衡的特殊饮料中，但缺乏对他们的治疗。英国癌症研究中心的首席临床医生Charles Swanton教授说:“有趣的是，药物l-芦笋酶被用于治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病，这是一种依赖于芦笋的疾病。”“有可能在未来，这种药物可以被用于治疗乳腺癌患者。
进一步的试验仍是必要的。现在，乳腺癌的首席执行官Baroness Delyth Morgan说，病人不应该在这项研究的后面进行激烈的饮食。她说:“我们不建议患者在不与医生交谈的情况下，完全排除他们饮食中的任何特定食物组。”“我们还鼓励所有患者遵循健康和多样化的饮食习惯。”
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