OkHttp3中Interceptor使用场景

在看到这篇文章时,希望你已经阅读过OkHttp对Interceptor的正式介绍,地址在这里,同时,你还可以知道okhttp-logging-interceptor这个辅助库,当然如果你没有阅读过也并无大碍,这篇文章重在描述使用场景和个人心得;

这篇文章主要从以下几点讲述Interceptor的使用场景

  • Log输出
  • 增加公共请求参数
  • 修改请求头
  • 加密请求参数
  • 服务器端错误码处理(时间戳异常为例)

这几点绝不是全面,但至少是目前很多开发者或多或少都会遇到的问题,Log输出是必须有的,公共参数这是必须有的,请求头加密和参数加密,这个不一定都有;重点是服务端错误码处理,这个放在哪里处理,见仁见智,但是有些比较恶心的错误,比如时间戳异常(请求任何一个服务器接口时必须携带时间戳参数,服务器专门有提供时间戳的接口,这个时间戳要和服务器时间戳同步,容错在5秒,否则就返回时间戳错误),比如客户端修改系统时间时这一刻又断网了,监听时间变化也没用,又不可能定时去获取,所以何时需要同步,去请求这个接口成了问题,我处理的方案是在Interceptor中过滤结果,当某个接口返回时间戳异常时,不把结果往上返,再执行一次时间戳接口,如果获取成功,传入参数并重构之前的请求,如果获取失败,把之前时间戳异常的接果返回。

说了这几条,其实具体实现要回归到Interceptor这个类
我们要实现:

  • 解析出来请求参数
  • 对请求进行重构
  • 解析出Response结果
  • 重构Response

首先,Log输出可以直接使用官方的https://github.com/square/okhttp/tree/master/okhttp-logging-interceptor,这只有一个类,我这篇文章解析Response的核心代码其实是参考了这个库;

我们自己来做,第一步,就要实现Interceptor接口,重写Response intercept(Chain chain)方法

@Overridepublic Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {   
   Request request = chain.request();   
   request = handlerRequest(request);    
   if (request == null) {       
   throw new RuntimeException("Request返回值不能为空");  
   }    
    Response response = handlerRespose(chain.proceed(request), chain);   
    if (response==null){  
       throw new RuntimeException("Response返回值不能为空");
    } 
   return response;
}

如何解析出请求参数

/**
         * 解析请求参数
         * @param request
         * @return
         */
        public static Map parseParams(Request request) {
            //GET POST DELETE PUT PATCH
            String method = request.method();
            Map params = null;
            if ("GET".equals(method)) {
                params = doGet(request);
            } else if ("POST".equals(method) || "PUT".equals(method) || "DELETE".equals(method) || "PATCH".equals(method)) {
                RequestBody body = request.body();
                if (body != null && body instanceof FormBody) {
                    params = doForm(request);
                }
            }
            return params;
        }
         /**
         * 获取get方式的请求参数
         * @param request
         * @return
         */
        private static Map doGet(Request request) {
            Map params = null;
            HttpUrl url = request.url();
            Set strings = url.queryParameterNames();
            if (strings != null) {
                Iterator iterator = strings.iterator();
                params = new HashMap<>();
                int i = 0;
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    String name = iterator.next();
                    String value = url.queryParameterValue(i);
                    params.put(name, value);
                    i++;
                }
            }
            return params;
        }

        /**
         * 获取表单的请求参数
         * @param request
         * @return
         */
        private static Map doForm(Request request) {
            Map params = null;
            FormBody body = null;
            try {
                body = (FormBody) request.body();
            } catch (ClassCastException c) {
            }
            if (body != null) {
                int size = body.size();
                if (size > 0) {
                    params = new HashMap<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        params.put(body.name(i), body.value(i));
                    }
                }
            }
            return params;
        }
}

解析参数就是判断请求类型,get类型是从url解析参数,其他类型是从FormBody取,可以上传文件的表单请求暂时没有考虑进来;

重构Request增加公共参数

  @Override
    public Request handlerRequest(Request request) {
        Map params = parseParams(Request);
        if (params == null) {
            params = new HashMap<>();
        }
        //这里为公共的参数
        params.put("common", "value");
        params.put("timeToken", String.valueOf(TimeToken.TIME_TOKEN));
        String method = request.method();
        if ("GET".equals(method)) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(customRequest.noQueryUrl);
            sb.append("?").append(UrlUtil.map2QueryStr(params));
            return request.newBuilder().url(sb.toString()).build();
        } else if ("POST".equals(method) || "PUT".equals(method) || "DELETE".equals(method) || "PATCH".equals(method)) {
            if (request.body() instanceof FormBody) {
                FormBody.Builder bodyBuilder = new FormBody.Builder();
                Iterator> entryIterator = params.entrySet().iterator();
                while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
                    String key = entryIterator.next().getKey();
                    String value = entryIterator.next().getValue();
                    bodyBuilder.add(key, value);
                }
                return request.newBuilder().method(method, bodyBuilder.build()).build();
            }
        }
        return request;
    }

关于重构Request就是调用request.newBuilder()方法,该方法会把当前Request对象所以属性住一个copy,构建出新的Builder对象

重写请求头 (拿的官方示例来做讲解)

/** This interceptor compresses the HTTP request body. Many webservers can't handle this! */
final class GzipRequestInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request originalRequest = chain.request();
    //如果请求头不为空,直接proceed
    if (originalRequest.body() == null || originalRequest.header("Content-Encoding") != null) {
      return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
    }
    //否则,重构request
    Request compressedRequest = originalRequest.newBuilder()
        .header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
        .method(originalRequest.method(), gzip(originalRequest.body()))
        .build();
    return chain.proceed(compressedRequest);
  }

  private RequestBody gzip(final RequestBody body) {
    return new RequestBody() {
      @Override public MediaType contentType() {
        return body.contentType();
      }

      @Override public long contentLength() {
        return -1; // We don't know the compressed length in advance!
      }

      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
        BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));
        body.writeTo(gzipSink);
        gzipSink.close();
      }
    };
  }
}

上面示例是对原始的request内容进行处理,貌似是对请求体进行gzip处理,这个一般是在响应头中的声明,请求头一般声明"Accept-Encoding"。

对Response进行解析

 @Override
    public Response handlerResponse(DFBRestInterceptor.CustomResponse customResponse) {
        // 钥匙链对象chain 
        Interceptor.Chain chain = customResponse.chain;
        //真正的Response对象
        Response response = customResponse.response;
        //该请求的request对象
        Request request = chain.request();
        //获取Response结果
        String string = readResponseStr(response);
        JSONObject jsonObject;
        try {
            jsonObject = new JSONObject(string);
            //这个code就是服务器返回的错误码,假设300是时间戳异常
            int code = jsonObject.optInt("code");
            if (code == 300) {
                //构造时间戳Request
                Request time = new Request.Builder().url("http://192.168.1.125:8080/getServerTime").build();
                //请求时间戳接口
                Response timeResponse = chain.proceed(time);
                 //解析时间戳结果
                String timeResStr = readResponseStr(timeResponse);
                JSONObject timeObject = new JSONObject(timeResStr);
                long date = timeObject.optLong("date");
                TimeToken.TIME_TOKEN = date;
                时间戳赋值,
                if (date > 0) {
                    //重构Request请求
                    request = handlerRequest(CustomRequest.create(request));
                    //拿新的结果进行返回
                    response = chain.proceed(request);
                }
            }
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * 读取Response返回String内容
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    private String readResponseStr(Response response) {
        ResponseBody body = response.body();
        BufferedSource source = body.source();
        try {
            source.request(Long.MAX_VALUE);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
        MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        if (contentType != null) {
            charset = contentType.charset(charset);
        }
        String s = null;
        Buffer buffer = source.buffer();
        if (isPlaintext(buffer)) {
            s = buffer.clone().readString(charset);
        }
        return s;
    }

    static boolean isPlaintext(Buffer buffer) {
        try {
            Buffer prefix = new Buffer();
            long byteCount = buffer.size() < 64 ? buffer.size() : 64;
            buffer.copyTo(prefix, 0, byteCount);
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                if (prefix.exhausted()) {
                    break;
                }
                int codePoint = prefix.readUtf8CodePoint();
                if (Character.isISOControl(codePoint) && !Character.isWhitespace(codePoint)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        } catch (EOFException e) {
            return false; // Truncated UTF-8 sequence.
        }
    }
    /**
     * 自定义Response对象,装载Chain和Response
     */
     public static class CustomResponse {
        public Response response;
        public Chain chain;

        public CustomResponse(Response response, Chain chain) {
            this.response = response;
            this.chain = chain;
        }
    }

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