WPF中动态创建DataTemplate

众所周知,在WPF中,我们可以使用DataTemplate灵活地设计UI来呈现绑定的数据,对于不同数据,我们还可以使用DataTemplateSelector选择不同的DataTemplate。但是有时候,这还不能满足需求。这又要说到我正在开发的服装DRP,这并非打广告,而是我阐述的知识点都是在实际项目中碰到的,而且通过项目也好说明问题。

系统中有个报表叫下级订单分布,列出下级机构的订单量,如图:

WPF中动态创建DataTemplate

其中订单量相关的单元格中的数字表示的含义:黑色数字表示剩余订单量,红色上标数字表示总订单量-已发货量。毫无疑问,这需要DataTemplate来实现。问题是下级机构的数量是不定的,即GridView绑定的数据列数是不一定的,几个到几百个都有可能(DataTemplateSelector就用不着考虑了),因此我们不能用实体类集合作为绑定数据源(动态增加属性,虽说C#4.0的动态特性大大增强了,但毕竟不是真正的动态语言,使用起来颇为不便,效率还挺低),而只能用DataTable/DataView,并且要动态地指定每个订单列的DataTemplate。假如使用实体类,那么订单列可以绑定到某个复杂属性(包含剩余订单量、总订单量、已发货量),这样DataTemplate只要在xaml中定义一次就可以了。但是既然使用的是DataTable,而DataTable假如从数据库获取的话,它的每一列的数据类型一般都是基本类型(复杂类型没试过,目测DataColumn只支持基础类型(错误,DataColumn支持复杂类型,且前端XAML绑定可写成“ColumnName.PropertyName”)),动态创建DataTemplate就必不可少了。

关于动态创建DataTemplate,我参考了WPF中使用C#程序代码创建DataTemplate数据模版的方法。代码如下: 

 1 private void btnSearch_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)  2 {  3     while (gv.Columns.Count > 5)  4         gv.Columns.RemoveAt(5);  5     var data = _dataContext.GetSubordinateOrderDistribution();  6     bool showAll = rbAllOrder.IsChecked.Value;  7     if (!showAll)  8         data.RemoveAll(o => o.QuaDelivered == o.Quantity);  9     DataTable table = new DataTable(); 10     table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ProductCode", typeof(string))); 11     table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("BrandCode", typeof(string))); 12     table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("StyleCode", typeof(string))); 13     table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ColorCode", typeof(string))); 14     table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("SizeName", typeof(string))); 15     var onames = data.Select(o => o.OrganizationName).Distinct().ToList(); 16     onames.Add("合计"); 17     foreach (var on in onames) 18  { 19         table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn(on, typeof(int))); 20         table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("delivered" + on, typeof(int))); 21         table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("all" + on, typeof(int))); 22         //gv.Columns.Add(new GridViewDataColumn() { Header = on, Name = on, DataMemberBinding = new Binding(on) });

23         var col = new GridViewDataColumn() { Header = on, Name = on, DataMemberBinding = new Binding(on) }; 24         //内存中动态生成一个XAML,描述了一个DataTemplate

25         XNamespace ns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"; 26         XElement xGrid = new XElement(ns + "Grid", new XElement(ns + "Grid.ColumnDefinitions", new XElement(ns + "ColumnDefinition", new XAttribute("Width", "Auto")), new XElement(ns + "ColumnDefinition", new XAttribute("Width", "Auto")))); 27         xGrid.Add(new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Text", "{Binding Path=" + on + "}"), new XAttribute("Margin", "0 0 5 0"))); 28         if (showAll) 29  { 30  xGrid.Add( 31                 new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Foreground", "Red"), new XAttribute("Text", "{Binding Path=" + "delivered" + on + "}"), new XAttribute("FontSize", "8"), new XAttribute("Grid.Column", "1"))); 32  } 33         else

34  { 35  xGrid.Add( 36                 new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Foreground", "Red"), new XAttribute("FontSize", "8"), new XAttribute("Grid.Column", "1"), 37                 new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Text", "{Binding Path=" + "all" + on + "}")), 38                 new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Text", "-")), 39                 new XElement(ns + "TextBlock", new XAttribute("Text", "{Binding Path=" + "delivered" + on + "}")))); 40  } 41         XElement xDataTemplate = new XElement(ns + "DataTemplate", new XAttribute("xmlns", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation")); 42  xDataTemplate.Add(xGrid); 43         XmlReader xr = xDataTemplate.CreateReader(); 44         DataTemplate dataTemplate = XamlReader.Load(xr) as DataTemplate; 45         col.CellTemplate = dataTemplate; 46  gv.Columns.Add(col); 47  } 48     var ps = data.OrderBy(o => o.ProductCode).Select(o => o.ProductID).Distinct(); 49     foreach (var p in ps) 50  { 51         var d = data.First(o => o.ProductID == p); 52         DataRow row = table.NewRow(); 53  table.Rows.Add(row); 54         row["ProductCode"] = d.ProductCode; 55         row["BrandCode"] = d.BrandCode; 56         row["StyleCode"] = d.StyleCode; 57         row["ColorCode"] = d.ColorCode; 58         row["SizeName"] = d.SizeName; 59         foreach (var on in onames) 60  { 61             if (on == "合计") 62  { 63                 var totalData = data.Where(o => o.ProductID == p); 64                 var quantity = totalData.Sum(o => o.Quantity); 65                 var quaDelivered = totalData.Sum(o => o.QuaDelivered); 66                 row[on] = showAll ? quantity : (quantity - quaDelivered); 67                 row["all" + on] = quantity; 68                 row["delivered" + on] = quaDelivered; 69                 continue; 70  } 71             d = data.Find(o => o.ProductID == p && o.OrganizationName == on); 72             if (d != null) 73  { 74                 row[on] = showAll ? d.Quantity : (d.Quantity - d.QuaDelivered); 75                 row["all" + on] = d.Quantity; 76                 row["delivered" + on] = d.QuaDelivered; 77  } 78  } 79  } 80     gv.ItemsSource = table.DefaultView; 81 }

 注意最后ItemsSource设置成DefaultView,如果直接用DataTable那么CellTemplate的Binding就有问题,无法绑定,不知何故。另外XElement xDataTemplate = new XElement(ns + "DataTemplate", new XAttribute("xmlns", http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation)); ns和xmlns属性声明都不能忽略,否则会报错。

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