ESP32使用MicroPython连接的NetOne平台传递数据，MQTT控制，Ajax-web控制
先请出猪角，手上这块开发板是ESP32 DevKit V1，看下扩展引脚：烧录flash：esp32-idf3-20191220-v1.12.bin
esp32的io使用需要注意，有些io只能做输入的，下面做简要的设计说明
IO数量：34个IO
IO编号：0-19, 21-23, 25-27, 32-39
其中GPIO 34-39 仅用作输入管脚
IO13和IO14是JLINK调试接口，使用时需要刻意初始化一下
1. Strapping引脚
ESP32 共有5 个Strapping 管脚,分别为：
MTDI/GPIO12：内部下拉
GPIO0：内部上拉
GPIO2：内部下拉
MTDO/GPIO15：内部上拉
GPIO5：内部上拉
系统复位时，这些管脚的值被保存到寄存器。软件可以读取寄存器“GPIO_STRAPPING”中这5 个位的值。该寄存器值一直保持到掉电。
完成复位后，这些管脚被当做普通GPIO 使用。
因此在系统复位时，要处理好这些引脚，要给一个确定的值
2. 专用spi flash引脚
GPIO6
GPIO7
GPIO8
GPIO9
GPIO10
GPIO11
一般在模组内部用于外接SPI flash。
Note that GPIO6-11 are usually used for SPI flash.
3. 只具有输入功能的引脚
GPIO34
GPIO35
GPIO36
GPIO37
GPIO38
GPIO39
以上管脚只具有输入功能，没有上拉下拉选项
ESP32采用Xtensa双核32位LX6,最大闪存16MB
板上时钟：40 MHz 晶振,工作电压/供电电压：2.7V ~ 3.6,工作电流平均：80 mA,供电电流最小：500 mA
MicroPython中使用GPIO口主要是用到了 machine 模块中的 Pin 类，具体函数说明如下：
class machine.Pin(id, mode=-1, pull=-1, *, value)
构造函数，用于声明与初始化GPIO口对象：
id：GPIO编号，如使用GPIO13则此处填写13；
mode：模式，可选 Pin.IN 、 Pin.OUT 、 Pin.OPEN_DRAIN ；
pull：使用内部上下拉电阻，可选 None 、 Pin.PULL_UP 、 Pin.PULL_DOWN ，部分IO口可以设置为 PULL_HOLD 模式，可以在深度睡眠时保持其状态；
value：输出或开漏模式下端口值，0为低(off)、1为高(on)；
Pin.init(mode=-1, pull=-1, *, value, drive, alt)
重新初始化GPIO口；
Pin.value([x])
不填写参数使用时返回端口的值，参数填写0(False)、1(True)改变端口值；
Pin.on()
输出或开漏模式下将端口设置为高；
Pin.off()
输出或开漏模式下将端口设置为低；
Pin.irq(handler=None, trigger=(Pin.IRQ_FALLING | Pin.IRQ_RISING), *,wake=None)
用于设置外部中断：
handler：中断触发回调函数；
trigger：中高端触发源可选下降沿上升沿或是一起使用；
wake：使能外部中断唤醒睡眠，可设置为 WAKE_LOW 、WAKE_LOW 、 WAKE_HIGH ；
NOPULL，PULLUP，PULLDOWN三种模式的理解
PULLUP＆PULLDOWN针对输入模式，比如我们一个单片机的I / O脚接一个按键的左端，按键的右端接正电源，那么我们就要设置I / O脚为下拉模式，因为这样才能使得按键按下去的时候，能把I / O脚拉高，不然设置上拉模式的话，即按键的功能等于摆设。同理，如果按键另一端接地，我们就要设置为上拉模式了。
NOPULL针对于输出模式，输出高电平低电平信号d等 。
使用HTTP POST发送数据到oneNet一. 注册oneNet网站，https://open.iot.10086.cn/进入开发者中心 三. 将uPy_Lib中的urequests.py拖动到lib目录下 登录NetOne平台查看数据点 |
参考代码如下：
import urequests
import network
import socket
import time
import json
DEVICE_ID='4232735'
API_KEY='u69BKBvvXlfdsgfdfaAdfdfdFA='
SSID="wcchhd"
PASSWORD="123456789"
wlan=None
s=None
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
global wlan #函数内部对外部的变量进行操作
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)
while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
time.sleep(1)
return True
def http_put_data(data):
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":"temperature","datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
try:
connectWifi(SSID,PASSWORD)
rsp = http_put_data(86)
print(rsp.json())
except:
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.active(False)实例1：温湿度传感数据HTTP-POST上传
import urequests
import network
import socket
import time
import json
import dht #温湿度模块
from machine import Pin
DEVICE_ID='588083706' #netone设备id
API_KEY='ZS=O=Jy9KIswEsHUPyZWWHdv0Q8=' #api-key
SSID="wailaizhu"
PASSWORD="123456789"
wlan=None
s=None
dht11 = dht.DHT11(Pin(15)) #dht的gpio引脚
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
global wlan #函数内部对外部的变量进行操作
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)
while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
time.sleep(1)
return True
def http_put_data_wd(data): #传递温度
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":'temperature',"datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
def http_put_data_sd(data): #传递湿度
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":'humidity',"datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
def up_data():
dht11.measure() #获取传感数据
wd = dht11.temperature()
sd = dht11.humidity()
http_put_data_wd(wd)
time.sleep(30)
http_put_data_sd(sd)
time.sleep(30)
while True:
try:
connectWifi(SSID,PASSWORD)
up_data()
time.sleep(30)
except:
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.active(False)实例２：使用mqtt协议控制LED：
a.在netone注册并增加mqtt设备
b.esp32连网可以写在boot.py或主程序中自便，本例为结构清淅分开simple.py，boot.py，mqtt.py，main.py内容如下：
umqtt模块的simple.py
import usocket as socket
import ustruct as struct
#from ubinascii import hexlify
class MQTTException(Exception):
pass
class MQTTClient:
def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,ssl=False, ssl_params={}):
if port == 0:
port = 8883 if ssl else 1883
self.client_id = client_id
self.sock = None
self.addr = socket.getaddrinfo(server, port)[0][-1]
self.ssl = ssl
self.ssl_params = ssl_params
self.pid = 0
self.cb = None
self.user = user
self.pswd = password
self.keepalive = keepalive
self.lw_topic = None
self.lw_msg = None
self.lw_qos = 0
self.lw_retain = False
def _send_str(self, s):
self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s)))
self.sock.write(s)
def _recv_len(self):
n = 0
sh = 0
while 1:
b = self.sock.read(1)[0]
n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh
if not b & 0x80:
return n
sh += 7
def set_callback(self, f):
self.cb = f
def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
assert 0 <= qos <= 2
assert topic
self.lw_topic = topic
self.lw_msg = msg
self.lw_qos = qos
self.lw_retain = retain
def connect(self, clean_session=True):
self.sock = socket.socket()
self.sock.connect(self.addr)
if self.ssl:
import ussl
self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params)
msg = bytearray(b"\x10\0\0\x04MQTT\x04\x02\0\0")
msg[1] = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id)
msg[9] = clean_session << 1
if self.user is not None:
msg[1] += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd)
msg[9] |= 0xC0
if self.keepalive:
assert self.keepalive < 65536
msg[10] |= self.keepalive >> 8
msg[11] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF
if self.lw_topic:
msg[1] += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg)
msg[9] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3
msg[9] |= self.lw_retain << 5
self.sock.write(msg)
#print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":"))
self._send_str(self.client_id)
if self.lw_topic:
self._send_str(self.lw_topic)
self._send_str(self.lw_msg)
if self.user is not None:
self._send_str(self.user)
self._send_str(self.pswd)
resp = self.sock.read(4)
assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02
if resp[3] != 0:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return resp[2] & 1
def disconnect(self):
self.sock.write(b"\xe0\0")
self.sock.close()
def ping(self):
self.sock.write(b"\xc0\0")
def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
pkt = bytearray(b"\x30\0\0\0")
pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain
sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg)
if qos > 0:
sz += 2
assert sz < 2097152
i = 1
while sz > 0x7f:
pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
sz >>= 7
i += 1
pkt[i] = sz
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1)
self._send_str(topic)
if qos > 0:
self.pid += 1
pid = self.pid
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt, 2)
self.sock.write(msg)
if qos == 1:
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x40:
sz = self.sock.read(1)
assert sz == b"\x02"
rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2)
rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1]
if pid == rcv_pid:
return
elif qos == 2:
assert 0
def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0):
assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set"
pkt = bytearray(b"\x82\0\0\0")
self.pid += 1
struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid)
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt)
self._send_str(topic)
self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little"))
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x90:
resp = self.sock.read(4)
#print(resp)
assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3]
if resp[3] == 0x80:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return
# Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it.
# Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously
# set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT
# messages processed internally.
def wait_msg(self):
res = self.sock.read(1)
self.sock.setblocking(True)
if res is None:
return None
if res == b"":
raise OSError(-1)
if res == b"\xd0": # PINGRESP
sz = self.sock.read(1)[0]
assert sz == 0
return None
op = res[0]
if op & 0xf0 != 0x30:
return op
sz = self._recv_len()
topic_len = self.sock.read(2)
topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1]
topic = self.sock.read(topic_len)
sz -= topic_len + 2
if op & 6:
pid = self.sock.read(2)
pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1]
sz -= 2
msg = self.sock.read(sz)
self.cb(topic, msg)
if op & 6 == 2:
pkt = bytearray(b"\x40\x02\0\0")
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt)
elif op & 6 == 4:
assert 0
# Checks whether a pending message from server is available.
# If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does
# the same processing as wait_msg.
def check_msg(self):
self.sock.setblocking(False)
return self.wait_msg()
boot.py
# This file is executed on every boot (including wake-boot from deepsleep)
#import esp
#esp.osdebug(None)
#import webrepl
#webrepl.start()
import gc
def do_connect():
import network
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
if ap_if.active():
ap_if.active(False)
if not sta_if.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect('wailaizhu', '123456789') #wifi的SSID和密码
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())
do_connect()
gc.collect()mqtt.py:
from simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin
import machine
import micropython
import time
#选择G4引脚
g4 = Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=0)
# MQTT服务器地址域名为：183.230.40.39,不变
SERVER = 'mqtt.heclouds.com' #183.230.40.39
#设备ID
CLIENT_ID = "588584870"
#随便起个名字
TOPIC = b"GPIO2LED"
#产品ID
username='357351'
#产品APIKey:
password='xr9UTi3=e43RxMrK7QyoNAt3liU='
state = 0
def sub_cb(topic, msg): #定义命令事件
global state
print((topic, msg))
if msg == b"on":
g4.value(1)
state = 1
print("1")
elif msg == b"off":
g4.value(0)
state = 0
print("0")
elif msg == b"toggle":
state = 1 - state
g4.value(state)
def main():
while 1:
time.sleep(60)
runing()
def runing(server=SERVER):
#端口号为：6002
c = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, server,6002,username,password,keepalive=60)
c.set_callback(sub_cb)
c.connect()
c.subscribe(TOPIC) #订阅
print("Connected to %s, subscribed to %s topic" % (server, TOPIC))
try:
while 1:
c.wait_msg()
except:
c.disconnect()
main.py:
import mqtt
mqtt.main()单文件执行方式处理：
远程控制需两个程序，主程序mqtt，和一个umqtt库中自带的simple.py
import network
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
if not sta_if.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect('马玉成', '15188955709') #wifi的SSID和密码
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())
from simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin
import time
import machine
import json
import micropython
# ESP32 ESP-12 modules have blue, active-low LED on GPIO2, replace
# with something else if needed.
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=0)
led.value(1)
time.sleep(1)
led.value(0)
out = Pin(12,Pin.OUT,value=0)
get_in = Pin(14,Pin.IN)
# Default MQTT server to connect to
SERVER = "183.230.40.39"
CLIENT_ID = "527249858"
TOPIC = b"topic1"
username='244037'
password='6LIGFBFWp==XLUzqCWlXYwpBKTg='
state = 0
def pubdata():
global state
data = {'datastreams':[{'id':'temp1','datapoints':[{'value':str(state)}] } ]}
j_d = json.dumps(data)
j_l = len(j_d)
arr = bytearray(j_l + 3)
arr[0] = 1 #publish数据类型为json
arr[1] = int(j_l / 256) # json数据长度 高位字节
arr[2] = j_l % 256 # json数据长度 低位字节
arr[3:] = j_d.encode('ascii') # json数据
return arr
def catch_mouse(p):
global state
state = 1
led.value(1)
out.value(1)
state = 1
print("catch one time")
def sub_cb(topic, msg):
global state
print((topic, msg))
if msg == b"off":
led.value(0)
out.value(0)
state = 0
print("1")
elif msg == b"on":
led.value(1)
out.value(1)
state = 1
print("0")
elif msg == b"toggle":
# LED is inversed, so setting it to current state
# value will make it toggle
led.value(state)
out.value(state)
state = 1 - state
def main1(server=SERVER):
global state
c = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, server,6002,username,password)
# Subscribed messages will be delivered to this callback
c.set_callback(sub_cb)
c.connect()
c.subscribe(TOPIC)
c.publish('$dp',pubdata())
print("Connected to %s, subscribed to %s topic" % (server, TOPIC))
try:
while 1:
#micropython.mem_info()
c.publish('$dp',pubdata())
#c.ping()
c.check_msg()
time.sleep(3)
finally:
c.disconnect()
get_in.irq(trigger=Pin.IRQ_FALLING,handler=catch_mouse)
main1()
整体流程：继电器－〉
实例３.使用Ajax-web控制pwm信号：
webpwm.py
from machine import Pin,PWM
import network
import os
import time
import socket
import gc
SSID="wailaizhu"
PASSWORD="123456789"
wlan=None
s=None
led=None
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
global wlan
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)
while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
time.sleep(1)
return True
def ajaxWebserv():
# minimal Ajax in Control Webserver
global s,led
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s.bind((wlan.ifconfig()[0], 80))
s.listen(1)
while True:
conn, addr = s.accept()
#print("Got a connection from %s" % str(addr))
request = conn.recv(1024)
conn.sendall('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nConnection: close\nServer: FireBeetle\nContent-Type: text/html\n\n')
request = str(request)
ib = request.find('Val=')
if ib > 0 :
ie = request.find(' ', ib)
Val = request[ib+4:ie]
print("Val =", Val)
led.duty(int(Val)*100)
conn.send(Val)
else:
with open('webCtrl.htm', 'r') as html: #控制页
conn.sendall(html.read())
conn.sendall('\r\n')
conn.close()
#print("Connection wth %s closed" % str(addr))
try:
led=PWM(Pin(2),freq=100)
led.init()
led.duty(0)
connectWifi(SSID, PASSWORD)
ajaxWebserv()
except:
if (s):
s.close()
led.deinit()
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.active(False)webCtrl.htm
ajaxWebCtrl
PWM LED --- Web Control for FireBeetle
连接esp的ip地址进入控制页：
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时间格式化：time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
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完善onenet接入：
mqtt
from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin
import network
import time
import json
import micropython
import ubinascii
import errno
import dht #温湿度模块
import gc
SSID="wailaizhu"
PASSWORD="XXXXXXXXXXXX"
wlan=None
s=None
kg13 = Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=0) #继电/led控制信号
g25 = dht.DHT11(Pin(15)) #温湿度
g26 = Pin(13,Pin.IN) #土壤感知
time.sleep(1)
CLIENT_ID = "588284870" #设备ID
username = "374381" #产品ID
password = "vtGMSdsZXPcCzMz4jk7y=rQ8gmo=" #APIKEY
SERVER = 'mqtt.heclouds.com' #183.230.40.39
TOPIC = b'wenshidu'
state = 0
c=None
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
global wlan #函数内部对外部的变量进行操作
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)
while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
time.sleep(1)
return True
def sub_cb(topic, msg):
global state
print((topic, msg))
if msg == b"on":
kg13.value(1)
state = 0
print("1")
elif msg == b"off":
kg13.value(0)
state = 1
print("0")
elif msg == b"toggle":
kg13.value(state)
state = 1 - state
def pub_data(data): #组合成协议要求的报文格式
j_d = json.dumps(data)
j_l = len(j_d)
arr = bytearray(j_l + 3)
arr[0] = 1 #publish数据类型为json
arr[1] = int(j_l / 256) # json数据长度 高位字节
arr[2] = j_l % 256 # json数据长度 低位字节
arr[3:] = j_d.encode('ascii') # json数据
return arr
def runing():
try:
while 1:
g25.measure() #刷新dht
tmp = g25.temperature() #获取温度
hum = g25.humidity() #获取湿度
tur = g26.value() #获取土壤感知
#要上报的数据点
message = {'datastreams':[{'id':'temperature','datapoints':[{'value':tmp}]},{'id':'hum','datapoints':[{'value':hum}]},{'id':'turang','datapoints':[{'value':tur}]}]}
server=SERVER
c = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, server,6002,username,password,keepalive=180) #创建客户端连接
c.set_callback(sub_cb) #set callback
c.connect() #connect mqtt
c.subscribe(TOPIC) #订阅
c.publish('$dp',pub_data(message)) #发布
print('1')
c.wait_msg()
time.sleep(3)
c.disconnect()
except:
print('2')
c.disconnect()
time.sleep(3)
wlan.disconnect()
#wlan.active(False)
#return
while True:
try:
time.sleep(5)
connectWifi(SSID,PASSWORD)
time.sleep(5)
runing()
print('3')
time.sleep(5)
except:
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.active(False)
至onenet平台新建APP开关控制
http
import urequests
import network
import socket
import time
import json
import dht #温湿度模块
from machine import Pin
DEVICE_ID='573659554' #netone设备id
API_KEY='8w6faRSugDcrkdwvpIssdUYaIyQ=' #api-key
SSID="wailaizhu"
PASSWORD="XXXXXXXXXX"
wlan=None
s=None
dht11 = dht.DHT11(Pin(25)) #dht的gpio引脚
g26 = Pin(26,Pin.IN) #土壤感知
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
global wlan #函数内部对外部的变量进行操作
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)
while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
time.sleep(1)
return True
def http_put_data_wd(data): #传递温度
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":'temperature',"datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
def http_put_data_sd(data): #传递湿度
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":'humidity',"datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
def http_put_data_tr(data): #土壤感知
url='http://api.heclouds.com/devices/'+DEVICE_ID+'/datapoints'
values={'datastreams':[{"id":'turang',"datapoints":[{"value":data}]}]}
jdata = json.dumps(values)
r=urequests.post(url,data=jdata,headers={"api-key":API_KEY})
return r
dht11.measure()
wd = dht11.temperature()
sd = dht11.humidity()
tr = g26.value()
def up_data():
http_put_data_wd(wd)
time.sleep(30)
http_put_data_sd(sd)
time.sleep(30)
http_put_data_tr(tr)
time.sleep(30)
while True:
try:
connectWifi(SSID,PASSWORD)
up_data()
time.sleep(30)
except:
wlan.disconnect()
wlan.active(False)