spring 生命周期介绍

1. 介绍

Spring容器中Bean的生命周期由多个特定的生命阶段组成,每个生命阶段都开出了一扇门,允许外界借由此门对Bean施加控制。

2. 实现生命周期的方法

2.1 @Bean注解的initMethod和destroyMethod

这个属性设置的方法在spring叫做自定义init和destroy方法

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.qxgcloud.spring")
public class AppConfig {

  @Bean(initMethod = "myInit", destroyMethod = "myDestroy")
  public Dog getDog() {
    return new Dog();
  }
}


public class Dog implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
  public void myInit() {
    System.out.println("Dog myInit ...");
  }

  public void myDestroy() {
    System.out.println("Dog myDestroy ...");
  }
  // ...
}

2.2 InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口

分别是两个接口:

  • InitializingBean需要实现afterPropertiesSet方法
  • DisposableBean需要实现destroy方法
public class Dog implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
  // ...
  @Override
  public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("Dog afterPropertiesSet...");
  }

  @Override
  public void destroy() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("Dog destroy...");
  }

2.3 @PostConstruct注解

在构造方法之后,但是初始化方法(2.1和2.2在spring中都叫做初始化方法)执行之前执行:

public class Dog implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
  //...

  @PostConstruct
  public void postConstruct() {
    System.out.println("Dog postConstruct...");
  }
}

2.4 BeanPostProcessor

实现一个BeanPostProcessor,对所有bean都生效(内部通过逻辑控制也可对一部分bean生效):

@Component
public class MyBeanProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
  @Override
  public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
    System.out.println("invoke postProcessBeforeInitialization " + beanName);
    return bean;
  }

  @Override
  public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
    System.out.println("invoke postProcessAfterInitialization " + beanName);
    return bean;
  }
}

3. 生命周期的顺序

3.1 生命周期流程

spring 生命周期介绍_第1张图片
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3.1.1 检查Aware相关接口并设置相关依赖

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

private void invokeAwareMethods(final String beanName, final Object bean) {
        if (bean instanceof Aware) {
            if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
                ((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
            }
            if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
                ClassLoader bcl = getBeanClassLoader();
                if (bcl != null) {
                    ((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(bcl);
                }
            }
            if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
                ((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
            }
        }
    }

检查三大类Aware组件(BeanNameAware、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware),并进行调用(里面的调用逻辑是用户自己写的)。

3.1.2 spring默认的6个后置处理器作用
  • 前置方法:
    • ApplicationContextAwareProcessor:判断bean是否是6大类Aware组件之一(EnvironmentAware、EmbeddedValueResolverAware、ResourceLoaderAware、ApplicationEventPublisherAware、MessageSourceAware、ApplicationContextAware),若是则调用相应的Aware方法(里面的调用逻辑是用户自己写的)
    • ConfigurationClassPostProcessor:
    • PostProcessorRegistreationDelegate:啥也没干
    • CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor):调用生命周期方法,具体是检查是否有@PostContruct注解并调用
    • AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:啥也没干
    • ApplicationListenerDetector:啥也没干
  • 后置方法:
    • ApplicationContextAwareProcessor:
    • ConfigurationClassPostProcessor:
    • PostProcessorRegistreationDelegate:啥也没干
    • CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor):
    • AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:啥也没干
    • ApplicationListenerDetector:检查bean是否是ApplicationListener,若是则添加到容器事件管理中
3.1.3 spring生命周期必背代码

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

doCreateBean; {
    populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); # 为bean属性赋值依赖注入,例如执行@Value注解和@Autowired注解

    exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); {
        invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean); # 检查并调用三大类Aware组件
        
        # 遍历执行每个后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法
        wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); 

        # bean的初始化(afterPropertiesSet+initMethod)
        invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd); {
            ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); # 执行InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法
            invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd); # 执行@Bean指定的initMethod
        }

        # 遍历执行每个后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
        wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
    }

    registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd); # 注册bean的销毁生命周期
}

3.2 运行结果

对2中的所有生命周期函数进行运行,其输出如下:

invoke postProcessBeforeInitialization getDog
Dog postConstruct...
Dog afterPropertiesSet...
Dog myInit ...
invoke postProcessAfterInitialization getDog
Dog destroy...
Dog myDestroy ...

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