goal:
let the opposite next speech much more difficult, the harder you make them work, the more possible, they may show flaws.
and refutate can highlight their flaws of their position or case
offense:
prove the opposite it's not true, can win the debate, you should prove their position have bad effect, generate offense by turns
- link turns
add more bad, change the direction of a link
X increases y, y is good ;
so x is good;
use link ture to generate offense
x decrease y, y is good;
so x is bad
- impact turns
not change the direction, but reverse the implication of the impact.
x increase y, y is good;
so x is good;
x increase y, y is bad;
so x is bad
weight:
how to compare two arguments:
1)scope:
how broadly the impact have across, locally or the whole world?
2)magnitude:
how severe is the impact?
3)probability:
is it more possible to occur?
4)reversbility:
can that impact undone?
5)time last:
is it a short-term or long-term harm?
will this harm come now or later?