【SpringBoot】SpringApplication实例创建


title: 【SpringBoot】SpringApplication实例创建
date: 2017-07-05 21:22:54
tags:

  • Java
  • Spring
    categories: Spring

书接上文,上回说到 Spring Boot 启动的入口是JarLaunchermain方法。其中的主要逻辑是在加载完各种资源后,开启一个新的线程调用程序的入口。整个应用的启动就此缓缓展开,本文只说明从SpringApplication的静态方法run调用后,生成SpringApplication实例的过程。而后的其他启动步骤不在本文记录。

上文说到main方法的调用:

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

静态的run方法是整个程序的入口,但最终还是实例化了SpringApplication对象:

    private final Set sources = new LinkedHashSet();

    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
        return run(new Object[] { source }, args);
    }

    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
        return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args);
    }

    public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
        initialize(sources);
    }
 
 

今天的目标就是initialize方法的实现了:

    private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
        if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
            this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
        }
        // 是否是web程序环境
        this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
        // 设置初始化器
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        // 设置监听器
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        // main方法所在类
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

推断Web环境

先看看web环境的判断:

    // org/springframework/boot/SpringApplication.java
    private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
            "org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };
    
    private boolean deduceWebEnvironment() {
        for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
            if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

是通过判断给定的类加载器(null)是否可以加载给定的类(WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES)判断的。加载器给的是空,跟进去看到了为空时是有默认类加载器的:

    // org/springframework/util/ClassUtils.java
    public static ClassLoader getDefaultClassLoader() {
        ClassLoader cl = null;
        try {
            cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
        }
        if (cl == null) {
            cl = ClassUtils.class.getClassLoader();
            if (cl == null) {
                try {
                    cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                }
            }
        }
        return cl;
    }

查找 Main 方法

跳过其他方法先看main方法所在类的查找

    private Class deduceMainApplicationClass() {
        try {
            StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
            for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
                if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                    return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
                }
            }
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // Swallow and continue
        }
        return null;
    }

这个main方法所在类的查找还是比较6的,万万没想到直接搞了个异常从堆栈里查找,也算是奇技淫巧吧。

初始化器,监听器的加载、实例化

下面重点看看SpringApplication实例化最重要的部分:初始化器和监听器的设置。

两者的核心逻辑都是一样,只是参数有所区别:

    private  Collection getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class type) {
        return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class[] {});
    }

    private  Collection getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class type,
            Class[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
        ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        // 使用上下文类加载器,加载指定配置文件中的配置
        Set names = new LinkedHashSet(
                SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
        // 反射创建,没什么特别的
        List instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
                classLoader, args, names);
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
        return instances;
    }
    // 加载的配置文件
    public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
    // 加载配置文件中key为factoryClass.getName()的项
    public static List loadFactoryNames(Class factoryClass, 
                                                ClassLoader classLoader) {
        String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
        try {
            Enumeration urls = (classLoader != null ?
                                     classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                                   ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            List result = new ArrayList();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                Properties properties = 
                  PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
                String factoryClassNames = 
                  properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
                result.addAll(Arrays.asList(
                  StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
            }
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +
                    "] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

所有的初始化器和监听器都是从 CLASSPATH 下的META-INF/spring.factories文件中获取的,具体配置:

# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener

总结一下,SpringApplication的实例过程:

  1. 判断是否是 web 环境
  2. 加载初始化器和监听器并实例化
  3. 查找 main 方法所在类

每个过程的特点:

  1. 判断 web 环境是根据 Spring 的默认加载器是否能够加载给定类
  2. 初始化器和监听器的加载都依据META-INF/spring.factories
  3. main方法所在类的查找是抛出异常在堆栈中查找的

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