算法与数据结构:栈,队列,包及其链表实现

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栈 , 队列 , 背包

• **栈 : **栈 , 在之前的一篇文章里面已经讲过了 , 遵从先入后出原则 (FILO) .
• **队列 : **队列 , 顾名思义 , 就像排队一样 , 先排队的人先处理 , 遵从先入先出原则 (FIFO) .
• **背包 : **在这里的背包 , 就像平时用的背包一样 , 用来装东西 , 但是里面的东西顺序不重要 . 而 栈 和 队列 是有序的 . 得注意的是 , 背包 , 只能添加元素节点 , 而不能删除元素节点 .

方法列表

• 栈 ( Stack )
  • void push(Item item) : 添加一个元素节点 .
  • Item pop() : 删除栈顶元素节点 .
  • boolean isEmpty() : 判断栈是否为空 .
  • int size() : 返回栈长度 .
• 队列 ( Queue )
  • void enqueue(Item item) : 加入新元素节点到队列 .
  • Item dequeue() : 删除最早进入队列的元素节点 .
  • boolean isEmpty() : 判断队列是否为空 .
  • int size() : 返回队列长度 .
• 背包 ( Bag )
  • void add(Item item) : 添加新元素节点到背包 .
  • boolean isEmpty() : 判断背包是否为空 .
  • int size() : 返回背包大小 .

链表实现栈 , 队列 , 背包

链表在之前的文章里已经将过了 , 这里就不多说了 .

链表实现栈

public class Stack implements Iterable {

    private Node head = null;
    private int length = 0;

    public Stack(){}
    
    public void push(Item item) {
        Node node = new Node(item);
        node.next = this.head;
        this.head = node;
        length++;
    }

    public Item pop() {
        Node node = this.head;
        this.head = this.head.next;
        this.length--;
        return node.item;
    }

    public int size() {
        return this.length;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return this.length == 0;
    }

    private class Node {
        public Item item;
        public Node next;

        public Node(Item item) {
            this.item = item;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new ListIterator<>();
    }

    private class ListIterator implements Iterator {

        private Node current = head;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return current != null;
        }

        @Override
        public Item next() {
            Item item = (Item) current.item;
            current = current.next;
            return item;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {}
    }

    @Override
    public Spliterator spliterator() {
        return null;
    }
}

链表实现队列

public class Queue implements Iterable {

    private Node head = null; //最先入队的元素
    private int length = 0; //队列长度
    private Node last = null; //最后入队的元素

    private class Node {
        public Item item = null;
        public Node next = null;

        public Node(Item item) {
            this.item = item;
        }
    }

    public Queue() {
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return this.length == 0;
    }

    public int size() {
        return this.length;
    }

    public void enqueue(Item item) {
        Node node = new Node(item);

        if (isEmpty()) {
            this.head = this.last = node;
        }else{
            this.last.next = node;
            this.last = node;
        }
        this.length++;
    }

    public Item dequeue() {
        Item item = this.head.item;
        this.head = this.head.next;
        if (size()==1){
            last =null;
        }
        this.length--;
        return item;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new ListIterator<>();
    }

    private class ListIterator implements Iterator {

        private Node current = head;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return current != null;
        }

        @Override
        public Item next() {
            Item item = (Item) current.item;
            current = current.next;
            return item;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {}
    }
}

链表实现背包

public class Bag implements Iterable {

    private int length = 0;
    private Node head;

    public Bag(){}

    private class Node {
        public Item item = null;
        public Node next = null;

        public Node(Item item) {
            this.item = item;
        }
    }

    public int size(){
        return this.length;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty(){
        return this.length == 0;
    }

    public void add(Item item){
        Node node = new Node(item);
        if (isEmpty()){
            this.head = node;
        }else {
            Node current = this.head;
            while (current.next!=null){
                current = current.next;
            }
            current.next = node;
        }
        this.length++;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new ListIterator<>();
    }

    private class ListIterator implements Iterator {

        private Node current = head;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return current != null;
        }

        @Override
        public Item next() {
            Item item = (Item) current.item;
            current = current.next;
            return item;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {}
    }
}