Picasso源码探究

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Picasso是Square公司出品的一款非常优秀的图片加载库,它可以帮我们完成一些android中处理的图片，使用最小的内存来完成图片的过渡。
使用的方法如下：

Picasso.with(context).load(“image url”).into(imageView);

源码剖析

我们就根据图片显示的这一条流程下来，一步步探究。
先看上面一行代码

public static Picasso with(@NonNull Context context) {
    if (context == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("context == null");
    }
    if (singleton == null) {
      synchronized (Picasso.class) {
        if (singleton == null) {
          singleton = new Builder(context).build();
        }
      }
    }
    return singleton;
  }

在这里使用用了懒汉式创建了个实例，接着用new Builder(Context).build 初始化了Picasso,主要作用为提供自定义线程池、缓存、下载器等方法。
有了这个实例后，会接下来调用load函数 其中Picasso重载了几个不同的方法，来适应不同场合下加载图片。

 public RequestCreator load(@Nullable Uri uri) {
   .....
  }
 public RequestCreator load(@Nullable String path) {
    .....
  }
 public RequestCreator load(@NonNull File file) {
    .....
  }

可以看到通过load会返回一个RequestCreator对象,这个类是用来配置加载参数的，包括了placeHolder于error图片，加载图片的大小/旋转/居中等属性。
最后会调用into函数，将加载到的图片赋给一个ImageView控件。大部分实际工作都是在into里完成的

public void into(ImageView target) {
    into(target, null);
  }

 public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    long started = System.nanoTime();
    checkMain();

    if (target == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target must not be null.");
    }

    if (!data.hasImage()) {
      picasso.cancelRequest(target);
      if (setPlaceholder) {
        setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
      }
      return;
    }

    if (deferred) {
      if (data.hasSize()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
      }
      int width = target.getWidth();
      int height = target.getHeight();
      if (width == 0 || height == 0 || target.isLayoutRequested()) {
        if (setPlaceholder) {
          setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
        }
        picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
        return;
      }
      data.resize(width, height);
    }

    Request request = createRequest(started);
    String requestKey = createKey(request);

    if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
      Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(requestKey);
      if (bitmap != null) {
        picasso.cancelRequest(target);
        setBitmap(target, picasso.context, bitmap, MEMORY, noFade, picasso.indicatorsEnabled);
        if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);
        }
        if (callback != null) {
          callback.onSuccess();
        }
        return;
      }
    }

    if (setPlaceholder) {
      setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
    }

    Action action =
        new ImageViewAction(picasso, target, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId,
            errorDrawable, requestKey, tag, callback, noFade);

    picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
  }

1. 会检查是否在主线程上运行
2. 如果没有一个图片资源的话并且有设置placeHolder，那么就会把我们设置的placeholder显示出来，并中断执行
3. 接下来就是创建了一个Request对象，我们在前面做得一些设置都会被封装到这个Request对象里面。
4. 之后由stableKey、uri、rotationDegrees、resize、centerCrop、``centerInside、transformations`组成key
5. 检查我们要显示的图片是否可以直接在缓存中获取，如果有就直接显示出来好了
6. 如果都没有最后通过一个Action,采用异步下载显示图片

为了保证图片不会错位，Picasso维护了Map，每个ImageView均只对应一个Action。

若获取的图片Action与ImageView不符合，则丢弃，等待正确的Action执行完。

了解完Picasso加载的图片的过程后，我们要深入到Picasso里面，查看图片加载的具体实现方式:
之前了解到初始化Picasso，调用了new Builder(context).build()方法

public Picasso build() {
      Context context = this.context;

      if (downloader == null) {
        downloader = new OkHttp3Downloader(context);
      }
      if (cache == null) {
        cache = new LruCache(context);
      }
      if (service == null) {
        service = new PicassoExecutorService();
      }
      if (transformer == null) {
        transformer = RequestTransformer.IDENTITY;
      }

      Stats stats = new Stats(cache);

      Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher(context, service, HANDLER, downloader, cache, stats);

      return new Picasso(context, dispatcher, cache, listener, transformer, requestHandlers, stats,
          defaultBitmapConfig, indicatorsEnabled, loggingEnabled);
    }
  }

1. 重点看Dispatcher,在这里起到了一个调度器的作用，图片要不要开始下载及下载后Bitmap的返回都是通过这个调度器来执行的。

void enqueueAndSubmit(Action action) {
    Object target = action.getTarget();
    if (target != null && targetToAction.get(target) != action) {
      // This will also check we are on the main thread.
      cancelExistingRequest(target);
      targetToAction.put(target, action);
    }
    submit(action);
  }

  void submit(Action action) {
    dispatcher.dispatchSubmit(action);
  }

通过上面的分析我们知道，RequestCreator在into方法的最后会创建一个Action实例，然后调用Picasso的enqueueAndSubmit方法，而最终是调用了Dispatcher的dispatchSubmit方法，也就是我们前面说的，Dispatcher起到了调度器的作用。在Dispatcher内部，Dispatcher定义了DispatcherThread和DispatcherHandler两个内部类，并在Dispatcher的构造函数中对他们经行了实例化，所有的调度也都是通过handler异步的执行的。

Picasso维护了Map，每个ImageView均只对应一个Action。

看一下Dispatcher内部实现

void dispatchSubmit(Action action) {
    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_SUBMIT, action));
  }

通过Handler最终调用了一个performSubmit()函数

void performSubmit(Action action, boolean dismissFailed) {
    if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
      pausedActions.put(action.getTarget(), action);
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_PAUSED, action.request.logId(),
            "because tag '" + action.getTag() + "' is paused");
      }
      return;
    }

    BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(action.getKey());
    if (hunter != null) {
      hunter.attach(action);
      return;
    }

    if (service.isShutdown()) {
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_IGNORED, action.request.logId(), "because shut down");
      }
      return;
    }

    hunter = forRequest(action.getPicasso(), this, cache, stats, action);
    hunter.future = service.submit(hunter);
    hunterMap.put(action.getKey(), hunter);
    if (dismissFailed) {
      failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
    }

    if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_ENQUEUED, action.request.logId());
    }
  }

在这里获得了一个BitmapHunter ，这其实是个Runnable的一个实现，实例最终交给另外线程池来处理。
那最后图片是怎么呈现出来的呢？进到BitmapHunter ，看run()实现的方法。

 @Override public void run() {
    try {
      updateThreadName(data);

      if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_EXECUTING, getLogIdsForHunter(this));
      }

      result = hunt();

      if (result == null) {
        dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
      } else {
        dispatcher.dispatchComplete(this);
      }
    } catch (NetworkRequestHandler.ResponseException e) {
      if (!NetworkPolicy.isOfflineOnly(e.networkPolicy) || e.code != 504) {
        exception = e;
      }
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchRetry(this);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
      StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
      stats.createSnapshot().dump(new PrintWriter(writer));
      exception = new RuntimeException(writer.toString(), e);
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } finally {
      Thread.currentThread().setName(Utils.THREAD_IDLE_NAME);
    }
  }

可以看到执行了dispatcher.perComplete方法，这个方法会自动处理缓存图片问题.

void performComplete(BitmapHunter hunter) {
    if (shouldWriteToMemoryCache(hunter.getMemoryPolicy())) {
      cache.set(hunter.getKey(), hunter.getResult());
    }
    hunterMap.remove(hunter.getKey());
    batch(hunter);
    if (hunter.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_BATCHED, getLogIdsForHunter(hunter), "for completion");
    }
  }

把图片暂时放到了cache里，等空闲的时候再去处理来

private void batch(BitmapHunter hunter) {
    if (hunter.isCancelled()) {
      return;
    }
    if (hunter.result != null) {
      hunter.result.prepareToDraw();
    }
    batch.add(hunter);
    if (!handler.hasMessages(HUNTER_DELAY_NEXT_BATCH)) {
      handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(HUNTER_DELAY_NEXT_BATCH, BATCH_DELAY);
    }
  }

将操作放到了一个list数组（batch）里，做了一个延迟操作处理，发送了一个HUNTER_DELAY_NEXT_BATCH,又回到了handler处理.由于一直在非主线程上操作，最后显示图片还是要回到主线程上来。这是接收到消息后的处理

void performBatchComplete() {
    List copy = new ArrayList<>(batch);
    batch.clear();
    mainThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadHandler.obtainMessage(HUNTER_BATCH_COMPLETE, copy));
    logBatch(copy);
  }

这个mainThreadHandler是在Dispatcher实例化时由外部传递进来的，我们在前面的分析中看到，Picasso在通过Builder创建时会对Dispatcher进行实例化，在那个地方将主线程的handler传了进来，我们回到Picasso这个类，看到其有一个静态成员变量HANDLER，这样我们也就清楚了。

  static final Handler HANDLER = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
    @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
      switch (msg.what) {
        case HUNTER_BATCH_COMPLETE: {
          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") List batch = (List) msg.obj;
          //noinspection ForLoopReplaceableByForEach
          for (int i = 0, n = batch.size(); i < n; i++) {
            BitmapHunter hunter = batch.get(i);
            hunter.picasso.complete(hunter);
          }
          break;
        }
    }
  };

通过Hnadler回到了Picasso里，最终调用picasso.complete方法.

void complete(BitmapHunter hunter) {
    Action single = hunter.getAction();
    List joined = hunter.getActions();

    boolean hasMultiple = joined != null && !joined.isEmpty();
    boolean shouldDeliver = single != null || hasMultiple;

    if (!shouldDeliver) {
      return;
    }

    Uri uri = hunter.getData().uri;
    Exception exception = hunter.getException();
    Bitmap result = hunter.getResult();
    LoadedFrom from = hunter.getLoadedFrom();

    if (single != null) {
      deliverAction(result, from, single, exception);
    }

    if (hasMultiple) {
      //noinspection ForLoopReplaceableByForEach
      for (int i = 0, n = joined.size(); i < n; i++) {
        Action join = joined.get(i);
        deliverAction(result, from, join, exception);
      }
    }

    if (listener != null && exception != null) {
      listener.onImageLoadFailed(this, uri, exception);
    }
  }

Picasso使用了ImageViewAction来进行处理，也就是在ImageViewAction中的complete方法完成了最后的图片渲染工作。

@Override public void complete(Bitmap result, Picasso.LoadedFrom from) {
    if (result == null) {
      throw new AssertionError(
          String.format("Attempted to complete action with no result!\n%s", this));
    }

    ImageView target = this.target.get();
    if (target == null) {
      return;
    }

    Context context = picasso.context;
    boolean indicatorsEnabled = picasso.indicatorsEnabled;
    PicassoDrawable.setBitmap(target, context, result, from, noFade, indicatorsEnabled);

    if (callback != null) {
      callback.onSuccess();
    }
}

到这里就把这个图片的渲染过程讲完了

参考：

1. Picasso源码解析
2. Android图片加载库Picasso源码分析