一起学习微服务和容器12-EFK-输出日志到磁盘文件-番外篇

简述

前情回顾

在前面章节中,我们讲了一些Kubernetes集群的安装,以及EFK集群的搭建。前段时间,正巧有个朋友咨询EFK的问题,由于种种原因吧,他们的EFK采集,没有对接ES,而是想把日志全部收集下,输出到磁盘文件,按照日志分门别类的输出出来,这样也方便后续,ES集群好了,再往ES集群中导入,或者导入到Hadoop中。

环境准备

按照前面章节,准备好Kubernetes的集群,在本章节不再赘述。

准备Fluentd

虽说本次是将日志集中起来,输出到文件,但是大体的框架跟我前几篇文章中描述的类似,可参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/1000ae80a493。

准备Fluentd的相关源

和EFK章节中所用的Yum源一致,我们推荐采用Kubernetes官方推荐的quay.io出品的镜像(非Fluented官方的镜像),具体地址可参考:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch。

准备Fluented的Client采集端

我们将上述地址链接中的 fluentd-es-ds.yaml中的内容,拷贝到本地的新建的文件中,我们也将名字保留。
如果是公司内部环境,可先将镜像拽取下来,然后上传到公司镜像库中。

quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v3.0.2

拷贝下来,可直接使用,没有特殊需求的话,无须改动。如有需要替换公司内部镜像源,需要调整image参数。

注意下属配置中的各个段,ServiceAccount, ClueterRole等,这些是Kubernetes的RBAC的权限控制,需要为Fluented赋予相应的资源权限,才能读取到相应的日志信息,或者相应的Kubernetes的元数据等。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-es
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-es
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - "namespaces"
  - "pods"
  verbs:
  - "get"
  - "watch"
  - "list"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-es
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: fluentd-es
  namespace: kube-system
  apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: fluentd-es
  apiGroup: ""
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es-v3.0.2
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-es
    version: v3.0.2
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: fluentd-es
      version: v3.0.2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: fluentd-es
        version: v3.0.2
      # This annotation ensures that fluentd does not get evicted if the node
      # supports critical pod annotation based priority scheme.
      # Note that this does not guarantee admission on the nodes (#40573).
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      serviceAccountName: fluentd-es
      containers:
      - name: fluentd-es
        image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v3.0.2
        env:
        - name: FLUENTD_ARGS
          value: --no-supervisor -q
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 500Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
        - name: varlibdockercontainers
          mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
          readOnly: true
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d
        ports:
        - containerPort: 24231
          name: prometheus
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          tcpSocket:
            port: prometheus
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          tcpSocket:
            port: prometheus
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 10
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log
      - name: varlibdockercontainers
        hostPath:
          path: /var/lib/docker/containers
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: fluentd-es-config-v0.2.0

注意下上述配置文件的最后,有用到configmap,这也就说明,我们也需要将相应的configmap从github中同样拷贝下来,并创建。

准备Fluentd的Configmap

将fluentd-es-configmap.yaml的内容也拷贝到本地,可保留文件名。由于该文件是将日志直接输出到ES的配置,所以我们需要对它进行一些调整,设置Fluentd将日志输出到集中收集器那里,也就是Fluentd的Server端,并在那里将日志输出到文件。

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es-config-v0.2.0
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
  system.conf: |-
    
      root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
    
  containers.input.conf: |-
    # This configuration file for Fluentd / td-agent is used
    # to watch changes to Docker log files. The kubelet creates symlinks that
    # capture the pod name, namespace, container name & Docker container ID
    # to the docker logs for pods in the /var/log/containers directory on the host.
    # If running this fluentd configuration in a Docker container, the /var/log
    # directory should be mounted in the container.
    #
    # These logs are then submitted to Elasticsearch which assumes the
    # installation of the fluent-plugin-elasticsearch & the
    # fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter plugins.
    # See https://github.com/uken/fluent-plugin-elasticsearch &
    # https://github.com/fabric8io/fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter for
    # more information about the plugins.
    #
    # Example
    # =======
    # A line in the Docker log file might look like this JSON:
    #
    # {"log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #  "stream":"stderr",
    #   "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z"}
    #
    # The time_format specification below makes sure we properly
    # parse the time format produced by Docker. This will be
    # submitted to Elasticsearch and should appear like:
    # $ curl 'http://elasticsearch-logging:9200/_search?pretty'
    # ...
    # {
    #      "_index" : "logstash-2014.09.25",
    #      "_type" : "fluentd",
    #      "_id" : "VBrbor2QTuGpsQyTCdfzqA",
    #      "_score" : 1.0,
    #      "_source":{"log":"2014/09/25 22:45:50 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #                 "stream":"stderr","tag":"docker.container.all",
    #                 "@timestamp":"2014-09-25T22:45:50+00:00"}
    #    },
    # ...
    #
    # The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to write the Kubernetes metadata to the log
    # record & add labels to the log record if properly configured. This enables users
    # to filter & search logs on any metadata.
    # For example a Docker container's logs might be in the directory:
    #
    #  /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b
    #
    # and in the file:
    #
    #  997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
    #
    # where 997599971ee6... is the Docker ID of the running container.
    # The Kubernetes kubelet makes a symbolic link to this file on the host machine
    # in the /var/log/containers directory which includes the pod name and the Kubernetes
    # container name:
    #
    #    synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #    ->
    #    /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
    #
    # The /var/log directory on the host is mapped to the /var/log directory in the container
    # running this instance of Fluentd and we end up collecting the file:
    #
    #   /var/log/containers/synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # This results in the tag:
    #
    #  var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to extract the namespace, pod name & container name
    # which are added to the log message as a kubernetes field object & the Docker container ID
    # is also added under the docker field object.
    # The final tag is:
    #
    #   kubernetes.var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # And the final log record look like:
    #
    # {
    #   "log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #   "stream":"stderr",
    #   "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z",
    #   "kubernetes": {
    #     "namespace": "default",
    #     "pod_name": "synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod",
    #     "container_name": "synth-lgr"
    #   },
    #   "docker": {
    #     "container_id": "997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b"
    #   }
    # }
    #
    # This makes it easier for users to search for logs by pod name or by
    # the name of the Kubernetes container regardless of how many times the
    # Kubernetes pod has been restarted (resulting in a several Docker container IDs).
    # Json Log Example:
    # {"log":"[info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here\n","stream":"stdout","time":"2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z"}
    # CRI Log Example:
    # 2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z stdout F [info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here
    
      @id fluentd-containers.log
      @type tail
      path /var/log/containers/*.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos
      tag raw.kubernetes.*
      read_from_head true
      
        @type multi_format
        
          format json
          time_key time
          time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ
        
        
          format /^(?
      
    
    # Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry.
    
      @id raw.kubernetes
      @type detect_exceptions
      remove_tag_prefix raw
      message log
      stream stream
      multiline_flush_interval 5
      max_bytes 500000
      max_lines 1000
    
    # Concatenate multi-line logs
    
      @id filter_concat
      @type concat
      key message
      multiline_end_regexp /\n$/
      separator ""
    
    # Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata
    
      @id filter_kubernetes_metadata
      @type kubernetes_metadata
    
    # Fixes json fields in Elasticsearch
    
      @id filter_parser
      @type parser
      key_name log
      reserve_data true
      remove_key_name_field true
      
        @type multi_format
        
          format json
        
        
          format none
        
      
    
  system.input.conf: |-
    # Example:
    # 2015-12-21 23:17:22,066 [salt.state       ][INFO    ] Completed state [net.ipv4.ip_forward] at time 23:17:22.066081
    
      @id minion
      @type tail
      format /^(?

拉起Fluentd的Server

准备Fluentd Server的yum文件

注意下,我们要配置最终存放日志的目录:/data/efk_log,留意该yum文件的最后,将宿主机的文件目录mount到fluentd容器中。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - "namespaces"
  - "pods"
  verbs:
  - "get"
  - "watch"
  - "list"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: fluentd-server
  namespace: kube-system
  apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: fluentd-server
  apiGroup: ""

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "Flunetd"
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 24224
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: server
  selector:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server-v2.0.4
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-server
    version: v2.0.4
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: fluentd-server
      version: v2.0.4
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: fluentd-server
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
        version: v2.0.4
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: fluentd-server
      containers:
      - name: fluentd-server
        #image: k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-elasticsearch:v2.0.4
        image: hub.twinkle.net:8443/system/fluentd:v3.0.1
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        env:
        - name: FLUENTD_ARGS
          value: --no-supervisor -q
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 1000m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d
        - name: log-volume
          mountPath: /var/log/fluent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 24224
          name: server
          protocol: TCP
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 160
      volumes:
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: fluentd-server-config-v0.1.4
      - name: log-volume
        hostPath:
          path: /data/efk_log
          type: Directory

我们再配置Server的ConfigMap。
注意该配置中有两个match,会将容器中的日志压缩,输出到server目录中,其它日志输出到各自的tag目录中。

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-server-config-v0.1.4
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
  system.conf: |-
    
      root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
    

  forward.input.conf: |-
    # Takes the messages sent over TCP
    
      @type forward
    

  output.conf: |-
    
      @type file
      
        @type json
      
      
      path /var/log/fluent/server/server-log.%Y%m%d
      compress gzip
      
        timekey 1d
        timekey_use_utc true
        timekey_wait 10m
      
    
    
      @type file
      
        @type json
      
      
      path /var/log/fluent/${tag}/file-log.%Y%m%d
      compress gzip
      
        timekey 1d
        timekey_use_utc true
        timekey_wait 10m
      
    

最终的输出结果如下:


一起学习微服务和容器12-EFK-输出日志到磁盘文件-番外篇_第1张图片
image.png

我们再进入到server中查看容器的日志。


一起学习微服务和容器12-EFK-输出日志到磁盘文件-番外篇_第2张图片
image.png

进入和server同级的目录中,采集到的日志如下。


一起学习微服务和容器12-EFK-输出日志到磁盘文件-番外篇_第3张图片
image.png

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