kubernetes 二进制文件离线手动安装搭建

1. 准备阶段

1.1 组建规划

主机名	地址	角色	组件
k8s-master	10.0.209.151	k8s-master	etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
k8s-node-1	10.0.209.152	k8s-node	kubelet、docker、kube_proxy
k8s-node-2	10.0.209.153	k8s-node	kubelet、docker、kube_proxy

1.2 软件下载

(1) Kubernetes二进制文件下载

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
从上边的网址中选择相应的版本，从 CHANGELOG页面 下载二进制文件，本文以1.12.1版本为例，如图所示为其Linux Server版本：

1.12.1 Linux Server版本

解压后，在 /root/kubernetes/server/bin 路径下包含一些必须的组件：

Kubernetes文件

(2) etcd数据库下载

https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/
这里选用的是最新版本v3.3.10。

2. Master安装

2.1 etcd数据库安装

（1）安装

将下载的etcd文件包进行解压，解压后将etcd、etcdctl二进制文件复制到/usr/bin目录。

（2）设置服务文件etcd.service

在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下创建文件etcd.service，内容为：

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server

[Service]
Type=notify
TimeoutStartSec=0
Restart=always
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 其中WorkingDirectory为etcd数据库目录，需要在etcd安装前创建

（3）创建配置文件/etc/etcd/etcd.conf

ETCD_NAME=ETCD Server
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://10.0.209.151:2379"

（4）配置开机启动并运行

#systemctl daemon-reload
#systemctl enable etcd.service
#systemctl start etcd.service

（5）检验etcd是否安装成功

#etcdctl cluster-health

安装etcd成功返回结果

2.2 kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler服务安装

2.2.1 复制二进制文件到/usr/bin目录

将kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler 三个可执行文件复制到/usr/bin目录

2.2.2 组件安装及配置

2.2.2.1 kube-apiserver

（1）新建并编辑kube-apiserver.service 文件
路径：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service，内容为：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver  \
        $KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \
        $KUBE_API_ADDRESS \
        $KUBE_API_PORT \
        $KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \
        $KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \
        $KUBE_API_LOG \
        $KUBE_API_ARGS 
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 其中EnvironmentFile为kube-apiserver的配置文件
  （2）配置文件
  apiserver配置文件路径为：/etc/kubernetes/apiserver，内容为：

KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"
KUBE_API_PORT="--insecure-port=8080"
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://10.0.209.151:2379"
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=192.168.0.0/16"
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota"
KUBE_API_LOG="--logtostderr=false --log-dir=/var/log/kubernets/apiserver --v=2"
KUBE_API_ARGS=" "

2.2.2.2 kube-controller-manager

（1）新建并编辑kube-controller-manager.service 文件
路径：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service，内容为：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
After=kube-apiserver.service 
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager \
        $KUBE_MASTER \
        $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

（2）配置文件
apiserver配置文件路径为：/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager，内容为：

KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.209.151:8080"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS=" "

2.2.2.3 kube-scheduler

（1）新建并编辑kube-scheduler 文件
路径：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service，内容为：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
After=kube-apiserver.service 
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
User=root
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler \
        $KUBE_MASTER \
        $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

（2）配置文件
kube-scheduler配置文件路径为：/etc/kubernetes/scheduler，内容为：

KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.209.151:8080"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--logtostderr=true --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes/scheduler --v=2"

2.2.3 将各组件加入开机自启

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service

2.3 安装完后检验正确

运行命令 kubectl get cs

正确安装master返回结果

3 Node安装

Node节点上安装组件有：

• docker
• kube-proxy
• kubelet

3.1 docker安装

Docker的版本需要与kubelete版本相对应，最好都使用最新的版本。

3.2 拷贝 kubelet、kube-proxy

在之前解压的 kubernetes 文件夹中拷贝二进制文件

# cp /root/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet  /usr/bin/
# cp /root/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy  /usr/bin/

3.3 kube-proxy安装

# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/proxy
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-proxy \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_MASTER \
            $KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

创建配置目录，并添加配置文件

# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes
# vi /etc/kubernetes/proxy
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS=""
# vi /etc/kubernetes/config
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow_privileged=false"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.209.151:8080"

启动服务

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start kube-proxy
# netstat -lntp | grep kube-proxy
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10249         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12641/kube-proxy    
tcp6       0      0 :::10256                :::*                    LISTEN      12641/kube-proxy 

3.4 kubelet安装

# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
 
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
# vi /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=10.0.209.152"   #your node ip address
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://10.0.209.151:8080"
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=reg.docker.tb/harbor/pod-infrastructure:latest"
KUBELET_ARGS="--enable-server=true --enable-debugging-handlers=true --fail-swap-on=false --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig"

• 其中 “--hostname-override=10.0.209.152” 为node主机IP地址。

创建配置文件 vi /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig 向master进行注册

apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
users:
- name: kubelet
clusters:
- name: kubernetes
  cluster:
    server: http://10.0.209.151:8080
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubelet
  name: service-account-context
current-context: service-account-context

启动kubelet并进行验证。

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start kubelet.service
#  netstat -tnlp | grep kubelet
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:45415         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12576/kubelet       
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10248         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12576/kubelet       
tcp6       0      0 :::10250                :::*                    LISTEN      12576/kubelet       
tcp6       0      0 :::10255                :::*                    LISTEN      12576/kubelet 

• 其他节点同样操作。

3.5 验证成功及问题解决

在master上执行命令kubectl get node，返回如下结果：

获取node

创建简单得nginx_test.yaml文件：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - image: docker.io/istio/nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: nginx-deployment-6499c587d8
  restartPolicy: Always

执行命令，报错如下：

# kubectl apply -f nginx_test.yaml
Error from server (ServerTimeout): error when creating "test.yaml": No API token found for service account "default", retry 
after the token is automatically created and added to the service account

原因是service account没有设置API token引起的问题，解决方法有两种：

1. 禁用ServiceAccount
   编辑/etc/kubenetes/apiserver去除 KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL中的SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount，并重启kube-apiserver.service服务：

#vi /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota"

#systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service

之后重新创建pod成功。

2. 配置ServiceAccount
   首先生成密钥，然后分别编辑apiserver和controller-manager配置文件并重启组件。

# openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/serviceaccount.key 2048
# vi /etc/kubenetes/apiserver 
KUBE_API_ARGS="--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/serviceaccount.key"     #添加
# vi /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/serviceaccount.key"  # 添加

#systemctl restart kube-controller-manager.service

之后重新创建pod成功。