SharePoint 2010开发最佳实践指南

摘要:

本文基于SharePoint SDK文档,总结了开发者最佳实践,以对SharePoint2010开发提供指南。本指南覆盖2007以及2010两个版本,包括对SPSite和SPWeb对象的使用指南,系统Template文件夹下部署内容时的命名规范,事件处理器内SPWeb, SPSite对象使用、大文件夹以及大列表的处理、对象缓存以及代码优化的一些例子。

避免使用构造不必要的SPWeb和SPSite对象

1. SPWeb和SPSite会占用大量的内存,开发时尽量避免构造新的SPWeb和SPSite对象,特别是只是为了取得对SPWebApplication的引用等情况,为了取得SPWebApplication,可以调用SPWebApplication.Lookup(uri)来取得引用,接下类也可以通过webApplication.Farm来取得对farm的引用,进一步如果知道内容数据库的索引值,可以通过webApplication.ContentDatabase[index]来取得对内容数据库的引用。

1 SPWebApplication webApplication = SPWebApplication.Lookup(new Uri("http://localhost/");
2 SPFarm farm = webApplication.Farm;
3 SPContentDatabase content = webApplication.ContentDatabases[0];

2. 如果一定要构造SPWeb和SPSite对象,务必注意使用完后对象的释放,可以使用以下三种技术:

    Dispose方法

    using

    try, catch, finally

    使用using如下:

String str;
using(SPSite oSPsite = new SPSite("http://server/"))
{
  using(SPWeb oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb())
   {
       str = oSPWeb.Title;
       str = oSPWeb.Url;
   }
}
但是在使用的时候一定要特别注意,避免释放了不该释放的内容,比如:
using( SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(HttpContext.Current)) { ... }
SPContext由SharePoint框架来进行维护,不应该释放,SPContext.Site, SPContext.Current.Site, SPContext.Web, SPContext.Current.Web同理也不能释放。
try, catch, finally本质和using是一样,对实现了IDisposal接口的对象,.NET运行时环境会自动将using转换成try, catch, finally.
01 String str;
02 SPSite oSPSite = null;
03 SPWeb oSPWeb = null;
04   
05 try
06 {
07    oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/");
08    oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);
09   
10    str = oSPWeb.Title;
11 }
12 catch(Exception e)
13 {
14    //Handle exception, log exception, etc.
15 }
16 finally
17 {
18    if (oSPWeb != null)
19      oSPWeb.Dispose();
20   
21    if (oSPSite != null)
22       oSPSite.Dispose();
23 }

页面重定向时候的资源释放:如下例,在Response.Redirect调用时会生成ThreadAbortedException异常,而之后finally会被执行,此时会导致线程的异常,无法保证资源一定会得到释放,因此在任何Response.Redirect调用之前一定要确保SPSite,SPWeb对象的释放

01 String str;
02 SPSite oSPSite = null;
03 SPWeb oSPWeb = null;
04   
05 try
06 {
07    oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/");
08    oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);
09   
10    str = oSPWeb.Title;
11    if(bDoRedirection)
12    {
13        if (oSPWeb != null)
14           oSPWeb.Dispose();
15       
16        if (oSPSite != null)
17           oSPSite.Dispose();
18   
19        Response.Redirect("newpage.aspx");
20    }
21 }
22 catch(Exception e)
23 {
24 }
25 finally
26 {
27    if (oSPWeb != null)
28      oSPWeb.Dispose();
29   
30    if (oSPSite != null)
31       oSPSite.Dispose();
32 }

以上问题也适用于using。

不要创建静态的SPWeb和SPSite对象

调用SPSiteCollection.Add方法创建返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

通过SPSiteColleciton的索引器SPSiteColleciton[]返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

在SPSiteCollection集合中进行foreach是的SPSite对象需要释放;

以下是推荐的做法:

01 void SPSiteCollectionForEachNoLeak()
02 {
03     using (SPSite siteCollectionOuter = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
04     {
05         SPWebApplication webApp = siteCollectionOuter.WebApplication;
06         SPSiteCollection siteCollections = webApp.Sites;
07   
08         foreach (SPSite siteCollectionInner in siteCollections)
09         {
10             try
11             {
12                 // ...
13             }
14             finally
15             {
16                 if(siteCollectionInner != null)
17                     siteCollectionInner.Dispose();
18             }
19         }
20     } // SPSite object siteCollectionOuter.Dispose() automatically called.
21 }

通过SPSite.AllWebs.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPWebColleciton.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPSite.AllWebs[]索引器返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过foreach循环SPWebColleciton的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过OpenWeb打开的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPSite.SelfServiceCreateSite创建的SPWeb对象需要释放;

SPSite.RootWeb不需要进行释放;

通过Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.PersonalSite返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

推荐的开发方式如下:
  
    
01 void PersonalSiteNoLeak()
02 {
03     // Open a site collection
04     using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
05     {
06         UserProfileManager profileManager = new UserProfileManager(ServerContext.GetContext(siteCollection));
07         UserProfile profile = profileManager.GetUserProfile("domain\\username");
08         using (SPSite personalSite = profile.PersonalSite)
09         {
10             // ...
11         }
12     }
13 }
此处可以通过ProfileLoader省去构造新的SPSite以提高性能
1 UserProfile myProfile = ProfileLoader.GetProfileLoader().GetUserProfile();
2 using (SPSite personalSite = myProfile.PersonalSite)
3 {
4      // ...
5 }

特别,如果为MySite创建web部件,可以使用PersonalSite而不用释放:

1 IPersonalPage currentMySitePage = this.Page as IPersonalPage; 
2 if (currentMySitePage != null && !currentMySitePage.IsProfileError) 
3
4     SPSite personalSite = currentMySitePage.PersonalSite; // Will not leak. // ... 
5 }

通过GetContextSite返回的SPSite不需要释放

  
    
1 void SPControlBADPractice()
2 {
3     SPSite siteCollection = SPControl.GetContextSite(Context);
4     //siteCollection.Dispose();   不要释放
5     SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);
6     //web.Dispose();  不要释放
7 }
SPLimitedWebPartManager含有内部对SPWeb的引用,需要释放
  
    
01 void SPLimitedWebPartManagerLeak()
02 {
03     using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
04     {
05         using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())
06         {
07             SPFile page = web.GetFile("Source_Folder_Name/Source_Page");
08             SPLimitedWebPartManager webPartManager =
09                 page.GetLimitedWebPartManager(PersonalizationScope.Shared);
10                 webPartManaber.Web.Dispose();
11         } // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.
12     // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called. 
13 }
Microsoft.SharePoint.Publishing.PublishingWeb(SharePoint2007 only)

PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWebs会返回PublishingWebCollection,foreach时候需要调用close方法释放每一个对象:

01 void PublishingWebCollectionNoLeak()
02 {
03     using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
04     {
05         using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())
06         {
07             // Passing in SPWeb object that you own, no dispose needed on
08             // outerPubWeb.
09             PublishingWeb outerPubWeb = PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWeb(web);
10             PublishingWebCollection pubWebCollection = outerPubWeb.GetPublishingWebs();
11             foreach (PublishingWeb innerPubWeb in pubWebCollection)
12             {
13                 try
14                 {
15                     // ...
16                 }
17                 finally
18                 {
19                     if(innerPubWeb != null)
20                         innerPubWeb.Close();
21                 }
22             }
23         // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.
24     } // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called.
25 }

同样,调用PublishingWebCollection.Add返回的PublishingWeb也需要释放;

3.在事件处理器里可以使用以下方法避免生成新的SPSite或者SPWeb

1 // Retrieve SPWeb and SPListItem from SPItemEventProperties instead of 
2 // from a new instance of SPSite. 
3 SPWeb web = properties.OpenWeb();//此处通过properties.OpenWeb()返回的SPWeb不用释放; 
4 // Operate on the SPWeb object. 
5 SPListItem item = properties.ListItem; 
6 // Operate on an item.

文件名限制:

在实战中如果需要部署文件夹或者文件到%ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE目录,出于安全考虑,SharePoint Foundation只能够读取文件名有ASCII字符、数字、下划线、句号、破折号(dashed)组成的名字,特别是文件名不能包括两个连续的句号,例如,以下是允许的文件名:

AllItems.aspx

Dept_1234.doc

Long.Name.With.Dots.txt

以下是不允许的名字:

Cæsar.wav

File Name With Spaces.avi

Wow...ThisIsBad.rtf

揵.htm

大文件夹、大列表的处理

不要使用SPList.Items,因为这个调用会返回所有子文件夹下的所有记录,使用以下方法替代:

添加记录:使用SPList.AddItem,不使用SPList.Items.Add;

查询记录:使用SPList.GetItemById,不适用SPList.Items.GetItemById;

返回列表所有记录:使用SPList.GetItems(SPQuery query)而不是SPList.Items,根据需要使用条件过滤,仅仅挑选必要的字段返回,如果返回结果超过2000条,采用分页技术:

01 SPQuery query = new SPQuery();
02 SPListItemCollection spListItems ;  string lastItemIdOnPage = null; // Page position.
03 int itemCount = 2000   while (itemCount == 2000)
04 {
05     // Include only the fields you will use.
06     query.ViewFields = "<FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/><FieldRef Name=\"ContentTypeId\"/>";   query.RowLimit = 2000; // Only select the top 2000.
07     // Include items in a subfolder (if necessary).
08     query.ViewAttributes = "Scope=\"Recursive\"";
09     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
10     // To make the query order by ID and stop scanning the table, specify the OrderBy override attribute.
11     sb.Append("<OrderBy Override=\"TRUE\"><FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/></OrderBy>");
12     //.. Append more text as necessary ..
13     query.Query = sb.ToString();   // Get 2,000 more items.   SPListItemCollectionPosition pos = new SPListItemCollectionPosition(lastItemIdOnPage);
14     query.ListItemCollectionPosition = pos; //Page info.
15     spListItems = spList.GetItems(query);
16     lastItemIdOnPage = spListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition.PagingInfo;
17     // Code to enumerate the spListItems.
18     // If itemCount <2000, finish the enumeration.
19     itemCount = spListItems.Count;
20   
21 }

分页显示:

01 SPWeb oWebsite = SPContext.Current.Web;
02 SPList oList = oWebsite.Lists["Announcements"];
03   
04 SPQuery oQuery = new SPQuery();
05 oQuery.RowLimit = 10;
06 int intIndex = 1;
07   
08 do
09 {
10     Response.Write("<BR>Page: " + intIndex + "<BR>");
11     SPListItemCollection collListItems = oList.GetItems(oQuery);
12   
13     foreach (SPListItem oListItem in collListItems)
14     {
15         Response.Write(SPEncode.HtmlEncode(oListItem["Title"].ToString()) +"<BR>");
16     }
17   
18     oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition = collListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition;
19     intIndex++;
20 } while (oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition != null);

性能差不推荐使用的API

性能更好的推荐使用的API

SPList.Items.Count

SPList.ItemCount

SPList.Items.XmlDataSchema

创建SPQuery,仅仅返回需要的数据

SPList.Items.NumberOfFields

创建SPQuery,指定ViewFields,仅仅返回需要的数据

SPList.Items[System.Guid]

SPList.GetItemByUniqueId(System.Guid)

SPList.Items[System.Int32]

SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.Items.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.Items.ReorderItems(System.Boolean[],System.Int32[],System.Int32)

使用SPQuery分页

SPList.Items.ListItemCollectionPosition

ContentIterator.ProcessListItems(SPList, ContentIterator.ItemProcessor, ContentIterator.ItemProcessorErrorCallout) (Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 only)

参考:

释放检查工具SPDisposeCheck: http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/SPDisposeCheck

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa973248(office.12).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb687949%28office.12%29.aspx

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