Linux环境下MySQL8.0安装

一、准备工作

1. 下载安装包 下载地址

2. 查看系统⾃带的 MARIADB

   rpm -qa|grep mariadb

3. 卸载系统⾃带的 MARIADB（如果有）,remove后面加 rpm -qa|grep mariadb 查询出来的路径

   yum -y remove

二、解压

1. 将 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 安装包上传到 /usr/local/ 目录下

2. 安装包解压,并重命名为mysql

   xz -d mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
   tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar 
   mv mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3. 创建MYSQL⽤户和⽤户组

   groupadd mysql
   useradd -g mysql mysql

4. 修改MYSQL⽬录的归属⽤户

   chown -R mysql:mysql ./

5. 准备MYSQL的配置⽂件,编辑 vim /etc/my.conf

   [mysql]
   # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
   default-character-set=utf8
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   [mysqld]
   skip-name-resolve
   #设置3306端⼝
   port = 3306
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   # 设置mysql的安装⽬录
   basedir=/usr/local/mysql
   # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放⽬录
   datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
   # 允许最⼤连接数
   max_connections=200
   # 服务端使⽤的字符集默认为8⽐特编码的latin1字符集
   character-set-server=utf8
   # 创建新表时将使⽤的默认存储引擎
   default-storage-engine=INNODB
   lower_case_table_names=1
   max_allowed_packet=16M

   并且修改权限

   mkdir /var/lib/mysql 
   chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql

三、 安装MySQL

1. 进入cd /usr/local/mysql 目录 进行初始化

   ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

2. 执行初始化后,控制台会返回临时密码, 记录临时密码 ,后面会用到
   例如:像我的例子在最后一行 temporary password is generated for root@localhost:kvct:yIy8_qk
   我的临时密码就是这个: kvct:yIy8_qk

   例子:
   2021-09-14T01:30:19.227943Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 1808
   2021-09-14T01:30:19.250431Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
   2021-09-14T01:30:20.184005Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
   2021-09-14T01:30:21.140583Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
   2021-09-14T01:30:21.141148Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
   2021-09-14T01:30:21.341903Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kvct:yIy8_qk

3. 复制启动脚本到资源目录

   cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

4. 编辑vim /etc/init.d/mysqld ,修改 basedir 和 datadir ,为其实际对应的目录

   basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
   datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

四、设置MYSQL服务开启⾃启

1. 增加 mysqld 服务控制脚本执⾏权限

   chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

2. 将 mysqld 服务加⼊到系统服务

   chkconfig --add mysqld

3. 检查 mysqld 服务是否已经⽣效即可
   mysqld 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关

   chkconfig --list mysqld

4. 启动mysql, 返回 SUCCESS!

   service mysqld start

五、配置环境变量

1. 编辑 vim ~/.bash_profile,在文件末尾添加下面信息

   export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

2. 执行下面命令,使环境变量生效

   source ~/.bash_profile

六、登录MySQL，并修改密码

1. 以 root 账户登录 mysql

   mysql -u root -p

2. 输入刚才记录的 临时密码

3. 修改 Root 账户密码,并刷新权限

   alter user user() identified by "root";
   flush privileges;

4. 设置远程主机登录

   use mysql;
   update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
   flush privileges;

七、检查防火墙

1. 做完上面步骤,肯能还是远程连接不上,开放端口或者关闭防火墙

2. 查看防火墙状态

   systemctl status firewalld

3. 查看开机是否启动防火墙服务

   systemctl is-enabled firewalld

4. 关闭防火墙

   systemctl stop firewalld

5. 禁用防火墙（系统启动时不启动防火墙服务）

   systemctl disable firewalld
   systemctl is-enabled firewalld