SharePoint 2010开发最佳实践指南(一)

摘要:

本文基于SharePoint SDK文档,总结了开发者最佳实践,以对SharePoint2010开发提供指南。本指南覆盖2007以及2010两个版本,包括对SPSite和SPWeb对象的使用指南,系统Template文件夹下部署内容时的命名规范,事件处理器内SPWeb, SPSite对象使用、大文件夹以及大列表的处理、对象缓存以及代码优化的一些例子。

避免使用构造不必要的SPWeb和SPSite对象

1. SPWeb和SPSite会占用大量的内存,开发时尽量避免构造新的SPWeb和SPSite对象,特别是只是为了取得对SPWebApplication的引用等情况,为了取得SPWebApplication,可以调用SPWebApplication.Lookup(uri)来取得引用,接下类也可以通过webApplication.Farm来取得对farm的引用,进一步如果知道内容数据库的索引值,可以通过webApplication.ContentDatabase[index]来取得对内容数据库的引用。

SPWebApplication webApplication = SPWebApplication.Lookup(new Uri("http://localhost/");

SPFarm farm = webApplication.Farm;

SPContentDatabase content = webApplication.ContentDatabases[0];

2. 如果一定要构造SPWeb和SPSite对象,务必注意使用完后对象的释放,可以使用以下三种技术:

    Dispose方法

    using

    try, catch, finally

    使用using如下:

String str;

using(SPSite oSPsite = new SPSite("http://server"))

{

  using(SPWeb oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb())

   {

       str = oSPWeb.Title;

       str = oSPWeb.Url;

   }

}  

但是在使用的时候一定要特别注意,避免释放了不该释放的内容,比如:
using( SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(HttpContext.Current)) { ... }
SPContext由SharePoint框架来进行维护,不应该释放,SPContext.Site, SPContext.Current.Site, SPContext.Web, SPContext.Current.Web同理也不能释放。
try, catch, finally本质和using是一样,对实现了IDisposal接口的对象,.NET运行时环境会自动将using转换成try, catch, finally.
String str;

SPSite oSPSite = null;

SPWeb oSPWeb = null;



try

{

   oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server");

   oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);



   str = oSPWeb.Title;

}

catch(Exception e)

{

   //Handle exception, log exception, etc.

}

finally

{

   if (oSPWeb != null)

     oSPWeb.Dispose();



   if (oSPSite != null)

      oSPSite.Dispose();

}

页面重定向时候的资源释放:如下例,在Response.Redirect调用时会生成ThreadAbortedException异常,而之后finally会被执行,此时会导致线程的异常,无法保证资源一定会得到释放,因此在任何Response.Redirect调用之前一定要确保SPSite,SPWeb对象的释放

String str;

SPSite oSPSite = null;

SPWeb oSPWeb = null;



try

{

   oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server");

   oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);



   str = oSPWeb.Title;

   if(bDoRedirection)

   {

       if (oSPWeb != null)

          oSPWeb.Dispose();

    

       if (oSPSite != null)

          oSPSite.Dispose();



       Response.Redirect("newpage.aspx");

   }

}

catch(Exception e)

{

}

finally

{

   if (oSPWeb != null)

     oSPWeb.Dispose();



   if (oSPSite != null)

      oSPSite.Dispose();

}

以上问题也适用于using。

不要创建静态的SPWeb和SPSite对象

调用SPSiteCollection.Add方法创建返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

通过SPSiteColleciton的索引器SPSiteColleciton[]返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

在SPSiteCollection集合中进行foreach是的SPSite对象需要释放;

以下是推荐的做法:

void SPSiteCollectionForEachNoLeak()

{

    using (SPSite siteCollectionOuter = new SPSite("http://moss"))

    {

        SPWebApplication webApp = siteCollectionOuter.WebApplication;

        SPSiteCollection siteCollections = webApp.Sites;



        foreach (SPSite siteCollectionInner in siteCollections)

        {

            try

            {

                // ...

            }

            finally

            {

                if(siteCollectionInner != null)

                    siteCollectionInner.Dispose();

            }

        }

    } // SPSite object siteCollectionOuter.Dispose() automatically called.

}

通过SPSite.AllWebs.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPWebColleciton.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPSite.AllWebs[]索引器返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过foreach循环SPWebColleciton的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过OpenWeb打开的SPWeb对象需要释放;

通过SPSite.SelfServiceCreateSite创建的SPWeb对象需要释放;

SPSite.RootWeb不需要进行释放;

通过Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.PersonalSite返回的SPSite对象需要释放;

推荐的开发方式如下:
 
   
void PersonalSiteNoLeak()

{

    // Open a site collection

    using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss"))

    {

        UserProfileManager profileManager = new UserProfileManager(ServerContext.GetContext(siteCollection));

        UserProfile profile = profileManager.GetUserProfile("domain\\username");

        using (SPSite personalSite = profile.PersonalSite)

        {

            // ...

        }

    }

}

此处可以通过ProfileLoader省去构造新的SPSite以提高性能
UserProfile myProfile = ProfileLoader.GetProfileLoader().GetUserProfile();

using (SPSite personalSite = myProfile.PersonalSite)

{

     // ...

}

特别,如果为MySite创建web部件,可以使用PersonalSite而不用释放:

IPersonalPage currentMySitePage = this.Page as IPersonalPage; 

if (currentMySitePage != null && !currentMySitePage.IsProfileError) 

{ 

    SPSite personalSite = currentMySitePage.PersonalSite; // Will not leak. // ... 

}



通过GetContextSite返回的SPSite不需要释放

 
   
void SPControlBADPractice()

{

    SPSite siteCollection = SPControl.GetContextSite(Context);

    //siteCollection.Dispose();   不要释放

    SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);

    //web.Dispose();  不要释放

}

SPLimitedWebPartManager含有内部对SPWeb的引用,需要释放
 
   
void SPLimitedWebPartManagerLeak()

{

    using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss"))

    {

        using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())

        {

            SPFile page = web.GetFile("Source_Folder_Name/Source_Page");

            SPLimitedWebPartManager webPartManager =

                page.GetLimitedWebPartManager(PersonalizationScope.Shared);

                webPartManaber.Web.Dispose();

        } // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.

    }  // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called. 

}

Microsoft.SharePoint.Publishing.PublishingWeb(SharePoint2007 only)

PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWebs会返回PublishingWebCollection,foreach时候需要调用close方法释放每一个对象:

void PublishingWebCollectionNoLeak()

{

    using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss"))

    {

        using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())

        {

            // Passing in SPWeb object that you own, no dispose needed on

            // outerPubWeb.

            PublishingWeb outerPubWeb = PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWeb(web);

            PublishingWebCollection pubWebCollection = outerPubWeb.GetPublishingWebs();

            foreach (PublishingWeb innerPubWeb in pubWebCollection)

            {

                try

                {

                    // ...

                }

                finally

                {

                    if(innerPubWeb != null)

                        innerPubWeb.Close();

                }

            }

        }  // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.

    } // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called.

}

同样,调用PublishingWebCollection.Add返回的PublishingWeb也需要释放;

3.在事件处理器里可以使用以下方法避免生成新的SPSite或者SPWeb

// Retrieve SPWeb and SPListItem from SPItemEventProperties instead of 

// from a new instance of SPSite. 

SPWeb web = properties.OpenWeb();//此处通过properties.OpenWeb()返回的SPWeb不用释放; 

// Operate on the SPWeb object. 

SPListItem item = properties.ListItem; 

// Operate on an item.



文件名限制:

在实战中如果需要部署文件夹或者文件到%ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE目录,出于安全考虑,SharePoint Foundation只能够读取文件名有ASCII字符、数字、下划线、句号、破折号(dashed)组成的名字,特别是文件名不能包括两个连续的句号,例如,以下是允许的文件名:

AllItems.aspx

Dept_1234.doc

Long.Name.With.Dots.txt

以下是不允许的名字:

Cæsar.wav

File Name With Spaces.avi

Wow...ThisIsBad.rtf

揵.htm

大文件夹、大列表的处理

不要使用SPList.Items,因为这个调用会返回所有子文件夹下的所有记录,使用以下方法替代:

添加记录:使用SPList.AddItem,不使用SPList.Items.Add;

查询记录:使用SPList.GetItemById,不适用SPList.Items.GetItemById;

返回列表所有记录:使用SPList.GetItems(SPQuery query)而不是SPList.Items,根据需要使用条件过滤,仅仅挑选必要的字段返回,如果返回结果超过2000条,采用分页技术:

SPQuery query = new SPQuery();

SPListItemCollection spListItems ;  string lastItemIdOnPage = null; // Page position.

int itemCount = 2000   while (itemCount == 2000)

{

    // Include only the fields you will use.

    query.ViewFields = "<FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/><FieldRef Name=\"ContentTypeId\"/>";   query.RowLimit = 2000; // Only select the top 2000.

    // Include items in a subfolder (if necessary).

    query.ViewAttributes = "Scope=\"Recursive\"";

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    // To make the query order by ID and stop scanning the table, specify the OrderBy override attribute.

    sb.Append("<OrderBy Override=\"TRUE\"><FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/></OrderBy>");

    //.. Append more text as necessary ..

    query.Query = sb.ToString();   // Get 2,000 more items.   SPListItemCollectionPosition pos = new SPListItemCollectionPosition(lastItemIdOnPage);

    query.ListItemCollectionPosition = pos; //Page info.

    spListItems = spList.GetItems(query);

    lastItemIdOnPage = spListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition.PagingInfo;

    // Code to enumerate the spListItems.

    // If itemCount <2000, finish the enumeration.

    itemCount = spListItems.Count;



}

分页显示:

SPWeb oWebsite = SPContext.Current.Web;

SPList oList = oWebsite.Lists["Announcements"];



SPQuery oQuery = new SPQuery();

oQuery.RowLimit = 10;

int intIndex = 1;



do

{

    Response.Write("<BR>Page: " + intIndex + "<BR>");

    SPListItemCollection collListItems = oList.GetItems(oQuery);



    foreach (SPListItem oListItem in collListItems)

    {

        Response.Write(SPEncode.HtmlEncode(oListItem["Title"].ToString()) +"<BR>");

    }



    oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition = collListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition;

    intIndex++;

} while (oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition != null);

性能差不推荐使用的API

性能更好的推荐使用的API

SPList.Items.Count

SPList.ItemCount

SPList.Items.XmlDataSchema

创建SPQuery,仅仅返回需要的数据

SPList.Items.NumberOfFields

创建SPQuery,指定ViewFields,仅仅返回需要的数据

SPList.Items[System.Guid]

SPList.GetItemByUniqueId(System.Guid)

SPList.Items[System.Int32]

SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.Items.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)

SPList.Items.ReorderItems(System.Boolean[],System.Int32[],System.Int32)

使用SPQuery分页

SPList.Items.ListItemCollectionPosition

ContentIterator.ProcessListItems(SPList, ContentIterator.ItemProcessor, ContentIterator.ItemProcessorErrorCallout) (Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 only)

参考:

释放检查工具SPDisposeCheck: http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/SPDisposeCheck

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa973248(office.12).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb687949%28office.12%29.aspx

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