struts2 异常处理3板斧

板斧1:找不到action的错误

struts2 异常处理3板斧_第1张图片

在struts.xml中参考如下配置

 1 <struts>
 2 
 3     ...
 4     <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
 5 
 6         ...        
 7 
 8         <default-action-ref name="index" />
 9 
10         ...
11 
12         <action name="index">
13             <result type="redirectAction">
14                 <param name="actionName">HelloWorldparam>
15                 <param name="namespace">/homeparam>
16             result>
17         action>
18 
19     package>
20 
21     <include file="struts-home.xml" />
22 
23 struts>
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这样,如果输入不存在的.action 路径,会直接重定向到index这个Action上,而index中指定的HelloWorld这个Action,在struts-home.xml中

 1 xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3         "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4         "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 <struts>
 6 
 7     <package name="home" namespace="/home" extends="default">
 8     
 9         <action name="HelloWorld_*" method="{1}" class="HelloWorldAction">
10             <result>/WEB-INF/views/home/HelloWorld.jspresult>
11         action>
12 
13     package>
14 struts>
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注:struts.xml中节点出现的顺序,是有严格约定的,如果弄错顺序了,启动时,就会看到类似下面的异常

org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The content of element type "package" must match

"(result-types?,interceptors?,default-interceptor-ref?,default-action-ref?,default-class-ref?,global-results?,global-exception-mappings?,action*)".

即各节点的顺序为:

result-types -> interceptors -> default-interceptor-ref -> default-action-ref -> default-class-ref -> global-results -> global-exception-mappings -> action

 

板斧2:404/500之类的常规错误

呃,这个struts2处理不了,得靠web.xml搞定

1     <error-page>
2         <error-code>404error-code>
3         <location>/WEB-INF/common/error/404.jsplocation>
4     error-page>
5     
6     <error-page>
7         <error-code>500error-code>
8         <location>/WEB-INF/common/error/500.jsplocation>
9     error-page>
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板斧3:业务异常/常规(运行)异常

a) 定义业务异常 (这里简单弄一个土鳖的MyException意思一下)

package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.exception;

public class MyException extends Exception {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8315871537638142775L;

    public MyException() {
        super();
    }

    public MyException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}
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b) Action中,直接向外抛异常即可

 1     public String execute() throws Exception, MyException {
 2 
 3         //testException();
 4 
 5         testMyException();
 6 
 7         return SUCCESS;
 8     }
 9 
10     /*private void testException() throws Exception {
11         throw new Exception("normal exception");
12     }*/
13 
14     private void testMyException() throws MyException {
15         throw new MyException("my exception");
16     }
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c) 定义拦截器,处理异常

struts2中所有action的方法执行会先经常拦截器,所以拦截器是处理异常的好机机(比如:记录异常到日志文件、转换成友好异常信息)

 1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.Interceptor;
 2 
 3 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 5 
 6 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.exception.MyException;
 7 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
 8 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.*;
 9 
10 public class ExceptionInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
11 
12     private static final long serialVersionUID = -6827886613872084673L;
13     protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
14     protected Logger myexLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("my-exception");
15 
16     @Override
17     public String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {
18         String result = null;
19         try {
20             logger.debug("ExceptionInterceptor.intercept() is called!");
21             result = ai.invoke();
22         } catch (MyException e) {
23             // 捕获自定义异常
24             myexLogger.error(ai.toString(), e);
25             ai.getStack().push(new ExceptionHolder(e));
26             result = "error";
27         } catch (Exception e) {
28             // 其它异常
29             logger.error(ai.toString(), e);
30             ai.getStack().push(new ExceptionHolder(e));
31             result = "error";
32         }
33         return result;
34     }
35 
36 }
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解释一下:

ai.getStack().push(new ExceptionHolder(e)); 这一行的用途是将异常信息放入stack,这样后面的异常处理页面,就能显示异常详细信息

上面只是演示,将"业务异常MyException"与"常规异常Exception"分开处理,并且用不同的Logger实例来记录,这样就能将"业务异常"与"常规异常"分别记到不同的log文件中,对应的logback.xml参考配置:

 1 xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1800 seconds"
 3     debug="false">
 4 
 5     <property name="USER_HOME" value="logs" />
 6     <property scope="context" name="FILE_NAME" value="test-logback" />
 7 
 8     <timestamp key="byDay" datePattern="yyyy-MM-dd" />
 9 
10     <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
11         <encoder>
12             <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
13             pattern>
14         encoder>
15     appender>
16 
17     <appender name="file"
18         class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
19         <file>${USER_HOME}/${FILE_NAME}.logfile>
20 
21         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
22             <fileNamePattern>${USER_HOME}/${byDay}/${FILE_NAME}-${byDay}-%i.log.zip
23             fileNamePattern>
24             <minIndex>1minIndex>
25             <maxIndex>10maxIndex>
26         rollingPolicy>
27 
28         <triggeringPolicy
29             class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
30             <maxFileSize>5MBmaxFileSize>
31         triggeringPolicy>
32         <encoder>
33             <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level
34                 %logger{150} - %msg%n
35             pattern>
36         encoder>
37     appender>
38     
39     
40     <appender name="exception-file"
41         class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
42         <file>${USER_HOME}/${FILE_NAME}_myexception.logfile>
43 
44         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
45             <fileNamePattern>${USER_HOME}/${byDay}/${FILE_NAME}-${byDay}-%i.log.zip
46             fileNamePattern>
47             <minIndex>1minIndex>
48             <maxIndex>10maxIndex>
49         rollingPolicy>
50 
51         <triggeringPolicy
52             class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
53             <maxFileSize>5MBmaxFileSize>
54         triggeringPolicy>
55         <encoder>
56             <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level
57                 %logger{150} - %msg%n
58             pattern>
59         encoder>
60     appender>
61 
62     <logger name="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz" level="error" additivity="true">
63         <appender-ref ref="file" />
64     logger>
65 
66     <logger name="my-exception" level="error" additivity="true">
67         <appender-ref ref="exception-file" />
68     logger>
69 
70     <root level="error">
71         <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
72     root>
73 configuration>
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运行后,会生成二个日志文件,类似下图:(业务日志记录在test-logback_myexception.log中,常规运行异常记录在test-logback.log中)

struts2 异常处理3板斧_第2张图片

tips:如果还有更多的异常类型要处理(比如:SQL异常、Spring异常、网络连接异常等,参考上面的处理)。另:如果把3.b)中Action方法里的testMyException()注释掉,换成testException(),即抛出普通异常,则异常信息将记录到test-logback.log中

d) struts中拦截器配置,以及全局异常处理页面

 1 xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7 
 8     <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
 9     <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
10 
11     <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
12 
13         <interceptors>
14             <interceptor name="myinterceptor"
15                 class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.Interceptor.ExceptionInterceptor">
16             interceptor>
17 
18             <interceptor-stack name="myStack">
19                 <interceptor-ref name="myinterceptor" />
20             interceptor-stack>
21         interceptors>
22 
23         <default-interceptor-ref name="myStack" />
24         <default-action-ref name="index" />
25 
26         <global-results>
27             <result name="error">/WEB-INF/common/error.jspresult>
28         global-results>
29 
30         <global-exception-mappings>
31             <exception-mapping exception="java.lang.Exception"
32                 result="error" />
33         global-exception-mappings>
34 
35         <action name="index">
36             <result type="redirectAction">
37                 <param name="actionName">HelloWorldparam>
38                 <param name="namespace">/homeparam>
39             result>
40         action>
41 
42     package>
43 
44     <include file="struts-home.xml" />
45     <include file="struts-mytatis.xml" />
46 
47 struts>
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解释一下:
13-21行,注册了自定义的拦截器,如果有更多的拦截器,19行后继续加即可。
23行,指定了默认的拦截器栈
26-28行,指定了全局的error返回页面
30-33行,指定了处理的异常类型

e) 通用error.jsp 代码 

 1 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 2 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 3 
 4 <html>
 5 <head><title>Simple jsp pagetitle>head>
 6 <body>
 7     <h3>Exception:h3>
 8     <s:property value="exception"/>
 9 
10     <h3>Stack trace:h3>
11     <pre>
12         <s:property value="exceptionStack"/>
13     pre>
14 body>
15 html>
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这样运行时,就会显示给用户一个很"低俗但通用"的错误页面:

struts2 异常处理3板斧_第3张图片

显然,直接把底层异常展示给用户是不好的做法(相当于直接告诉别人,今天你底裤的颜色),可以稍微装一下笔,只要改下拦截器:

 1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.Interceptor;
 2 
 3 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 5 
 6 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.exception.MyException;
 7 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
 8 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.*;
 9 
10 public class ExceptionInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
11 
12     private static final long serialVersionUID = -6827886613872084673L;
13     protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
14     protected Logger myexLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("my-exception");
15 
16     @Override
17     public String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {
18         String result = null;
19         try {
20             logger.debug("ExceptionInterceptor.intercept() is called!");
21             result = ai.invoke();
22         } catch (MyException e) {
23             // 捕获自定义异常
24             myexLogger.error(ai.toString(), e);
25             // 转换成友好异常,并放入stack中
26             ai.getStack().push(
27                     new ExceptionHolder(new Exception("业务繁忙,让我喘口气先!")));
28             result = "error";
29         } catch (Exception e) {
30             // 其它异常
31             logger.error(ai.toString(), e);
32             // 转换成友好异常,并放入stack中
33             ai.getStack().push(
34                     new ExceptionHolder(new Exception("系统太累了,需要休息一下!")));
35             result = "error";
36         }
37         return result;
38     }
39 
40 }
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这样,用户看到的信息就变了(当然,实际应用中,下面这个页面,建议请艺术大师美化一下)

struts2 异常处理3板斧_第4张图片

当然,也可以改变拦截器的返回string,比如业务错误,返回"biz-error",定位到业务错误的专用展示页面,常规错误返回"sys-error",返回 另一个专用错误处理页面(对应的struts.xml的全局错误配置也要相应修改)

 

小结:

经过以上处理,常见的异常(错误),比如:404/500、action路径不对、运行异常、业务异常等,即分门别类记录了详细日志(便于日后分析),也转换为友好信息提示给用户,同时还保证了系统健壮性。最后,对于程序员更重要的是,不用手动写try/catch之类的代码了,干活更轻松 (妈妈再也不担心我的异常了)

 

附:ajax的统一异常处理,请移步 Struts2、Spring MVC4 框架下的ajax统一异常处理

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