The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]
. Its gray code sequence is:
00 - 0 01 - 1 11 - 3 10 - 2
Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example, [0,2,3,1]
is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.
For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.
题解:查了资料才发现,原来可以从二进制码转成gray码。比如说二进制码1101,要转成gray码,过程如下:
(1)左边第一位保留:1
(2)第二位与第一位异或得到第二位:1^1 = 0
(3)第三位与第二位异或得到第三位:0^1 = 1
(4)第四位与第三位异或得到第四位:1^0 = 1
所以最后得到的gray码是1011
有一个简单的公式,二进制码x对应的gray码为(x>>1)^x,上情况就是(1101>>1)^1101=1011,原理就是上述描述的过程,把x右移一位,然后错位相异或。至于第一位,如果原来是1,那么右移后得到的0和这个1相异或得到的还是1;如果原来是0,那么右移后得到的0与这个0相异或得到的还是0.
代码如下:
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 vector<int> grayCode(int n) { 4 int total_number = 1 << n; 5 vector<int> answer; 6 7 for(int i = 0;i < total_number;i++){ 8 answer.push_back((i>>1)^i); 9 } 10 return answer; 11 } 12 };
不过我觉的这道题如果变一下,变成找出所有的解,就不能用上述方法了,我们可以用深度优先搜索+剪枝的方法。具体方法就是:以n=2为例,第一层为00,那么第二层有两个元素01和10,从01往下走,第三层有11和00,因为00已经出现过了(可以用一个boolean数组保存是否出现),所以这条路径就被减掉了;从11往下走,有01和10,因为01也出现过了,所以这条路径也被减掉了,最后得到的路径就是00-01-11-10;另外一条00-10-11-01也是一样的。
以下是这个思想的JAVA代码,提交[0,2,3,1]居然被报wrong answer,我也是醉了,看样子对错就没法判断了。先放着吧,欢迎大神指正。
1 import java.util.ArrayList; 2 import java.util.List; 3 4 public class Solution { 5 public static void main(String args[]){ 6 Solution s = new Solution(); 7 List<Integer> a = s.grayCode(1); 8 System.out.println(a.size()); 9 System.out.println(a); 10 } 11 List<List<Integer>> answer = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>(); 12 public List<Integer> grayCode(int n) { 13 if(n ==0){ 14 List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>(); 15 return temp; 16 } 17 int total = (int)Math.pow(2, n); 18 boolean[] has = new boolean[total]; 19 StringBuffer code = new StringBuffer(); 20 List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>(); 21 res.add(0); 22 has[0] = true; 23 for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) 24 code.append("0"); 25 grayCodeDFS(res,has, code, n, 2); 26 27 return answer.get(0); 28 } 29 30 private void grayCodeDFS(List<Integer> res,boolean[] has,StringBuffer code,int n,int level){ 31 if(level == (int)Math.pow(2, n)+1){ 32 List<Integer> templist = new ArrayList<Integer>(); 33 for(int i = 0;i < res.size();i++) 34 templist.add(res.get(i)); 35 answer.add(templist); 36 } 37 for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){ 38 code.setCharAt(i, code.charAt(i)=='1'?'0':'1'); 39 int codeNum = Integer.parseInt(code.toString(),2); 40 if(has[codeNum] != true){ 41 res.add(codeNum); 42 has[codeNum] = true; 43 grayCodeDFS(res,has, code, n, level+1); 44 has[codeNum] = false; 45 res.remove(res.size()-1); 46 } 47 code.setCharAt(i, code.charAt(i)=='1'?'0':'1'); 48 } 49 } 50 }