MVC是一种软件架构的思想,将软件按照模型、视图、控制器来划分
M:Model,模型层,指工程中的JavaBean,作用是处理数据
JavaBean分为两类:
V:View,视图层,指工程中的html或jsp等页面,作用是与用户进行交互,展示数据
C:Controller,控制层,指工程中的servlet,作用是接收请求和响应浏览器
MVC工作流程:
用户通过视图层发送请求到服务器,在服务器中请求被Controller接收,Controller调用相应的Model层处理请求,处理完毕将结果返回到Controller,Controller再根据请求处理的结果找到相应的View视图,渲染数据后最终响应给浏览器
SpringMVC是Spring的一个后续产品,是Spring的一个子项目
SpringMVC 是 Spring 为表述层开发提供的一整套完备的解决方案。在表述层框架历经 Strust、WebWork、Strust2 等诸多产品的历代更迭之后,目前业界普遍选择了 SpringMVC 作为 Java EE 项目表述层开发的首选方案。
小结:
三层架构分为表述层(表示层),业务层,还有数据访问层,表述层表示前台页面和后台serviet
引入依赖
注意由于Maven的传递性,我们不必所有的包配置依赖,而是在父类配置,靠传递性导入
父工程
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.3.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
<artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
<version>1.2.3version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>3.1.0version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleafgroupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
子工程添加打包方式
<packaging>warpackaging>
创建webapp
默认配置方式
此配置作用下,SpringMVC的配置文件默认位于WEB-INF下,默认名称为
-servlet.xml,例如,以下配置所对应SpringMVC的配置文件位于WEB-INF下,文件名为springMVC-servlet.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
扩展方式
可通过init-param标签设置SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称,通过load-on-startup标签设置SpringMVC前端控制器DispatcherServlet的初始化时间
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
注意
标签中使用/和/*的区别: /所匹配的请求可以是/login或.html或.js或.css方式的请求路径,但是/不能匹配.jsp请求路径的请求
因此就可以避免在访问jsp页面时,该请求被DispatcherServlet处理,从而找不到相应的页面
/*则能够匹配所有请求,例如在使用过滤器时,若需要对所有请求进行过滤,就需要使用/*的写法
由于前端控制器对浏览器发送的请求进行了统一的处理,但是具体的请求有不同的处理过程,因此需要创建处理具体请求的类,请求控制器
因为SpringMVC的控制器由一个POJO(普通的Java类)担任,因此需要通过@Controller注解将其标识为一个控制层组件,交给Spring的IoC容器管理,此时SpringMVC才能够识别控制器的存在
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(){
//设置视图名称
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "target";
}
}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xjggb.controller">context:component-scan>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
bean>
property>
bean>
property>
bean>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/htmlvalue>
<value>application/jsonvalue>
list>
property>
bean>
mvc:message-converters>
mvc:annotation-driven>
beans>
在WEB-INF下创建文件夹templates编写intex.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页title>
head>
<body>
<h1>首页h1>
<a th:href="@{/hello}">HelloWorda><br/>
body>
html>
访问 http://localhost:8080/
浏览器发送请求,若请求地址符合前端控制器的url-pattern,该请求就会被前端控制器DispatcherServlet处理,前端控制器会读取SpringMVC的核心配置文件,通过扫描组件找到控制器,将请求地址和控制器中
@RequestMapping注解的value属性的值进行匹配,若匹配成功,该注解所标识的控制器方法就是处理请求的方法,处理请求的方法需要返回一个字符串类型的视图名称,该视图名称会被视图解析器解析,加前缀和后缀组成视图的路径,通过Thymeleaf对视图进行渲染,最终转发到视图所对应页面
从注解名称上我们可以看到,@RequestMapping注解的作用就是将请求和处理请求的控制器方法关联起来,建立映射关系
SpringMVC 接收到指定的请求,就会来找到在映射关系中对应的控制器方法来处理这个请求
@RequestMapping标识一个类:设置映射请求的请求路径的初始信息
@RequestMapping标识一个方法:设置映射请求请求路径的具体信息
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
//此时的请求路径为 http://localhost:8080/hello/demo01
@RequestMapping("/demo01")
public String index(){
//设置视图名称
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping注解的value属性通过请求的请求地址匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的value属性是一个字符串类型的数组,表示该请求映射能够匹配多个请求地址所对应的请求
@RequestMapping注解的value属性必须设置,至少通过请求地址匹配请求映射
<a th:href="@{/showRequestMapping}">测试RequestMapping的value->a> <br>
<a th:href="@{/show}">测试@RequestMapping的value属性-->/testa><br>
@RequestMapping(
value = {
"/showRequestMapping","/show"}
)
public String showRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
新建success.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>webpacktitle>
head>
<body>
<h1>来了老弟h1>
body>
html>
小结
value是一个数组可以满足多个请求路径
@RequestMapping注解的method属性通过请求的请求方式(get或post)匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的method属性是一个RequestMethod类型的数组,表示该请求映射能够匹配多种请求方式的请求
若当前请求的请求地址满足请求映射的value属性,但是请求方式不满足method属性,则浏览器报错405:Request method ‘POST’ not supported
<a th:href="@{/show}">测试@RequestMapping的value属性-->/testa><br>
<form th:action="@{/show}" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="测试method">
form>
@RequestMapping(
value = {
"/showRequestMapping","/show"},
method = {
RequestMethod.POST}
)
public String showRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
小结
请求方式不对就会报错
HTTP Status 405 - Request method ‘GET’ not supported
扩展:
对于处理指定请求方式的控制器方法,SpringMVC中提供了@RequestMapping的派生注解
处理get请求的映射–>@GetMapping
处理post请求的映射–>@PostMapping
处理put请求的映射–>@PutMapping
处理delete请求的映射–>@DeleteMapping
常用的方式有 get put post delete
@RequestMapping注解的params属性通过请求的请求参数匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的params属性是一个字符串类型的数组,可以通过四种表达式设置请求参数和请求映射的匹配关系
“param”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数
“!param”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须不能携带param请求参数
“param=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数且param=value
“param!=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数但是param!=value
<a th:href="@{/show(username='admin',password=123456)}">测试@RequestMapping的params属性-->/testa><br>
@RequestMapping(
value = {
"/showRequestMapping","/show"},
method = {
RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.GET},
params = {
"username","password!=456"}
)
public String showRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
小结
若当前请求满足@RequestMapping注解的value和method属性,但是不满足params属性,此时页面回报错400:Parameter conditions “username, password!=456” not met for actual request parameters: username={user}, password={456}
@RequestMapping注解的headers属性通过请求的请求头信息匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的headers属性是一个字符串类型的数组,可以通过四种表达式设置请求头信息和请求映射的匹配关系
“header”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息
“!header”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须不能携带header请求头信息
“header=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息且header=value
“header!=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息且header!=value
@RequestMapping(
value = {
"/showRequestMapping","/show"},
method = {
RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.GET},
params = {
"username","password!=123456"},
headers = {
"Host!=localhost:8080"}
)
public String showRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
<a th:href="@{/showRequestMapping(username='admin',password=12345)}">测试@RequestMapping的params属性-->/testa><br>
小结:
若当前请求满足@RequestMapping注解的value和method属性,但是不满足headers属性,此时页面显示404错误,即资源未找到
//@RequestMapping("/a?a/TestAan")
// @RequestMapping("/a*a/TestAan")
@RequestMapping("/**/TestAan")
public String TestAan(){
return "success";
}
原始方式: http://localhost:8080/deleteFindByid?id=1
rest方式:http://localhost:8080/deleteFindByid/1
SpringMVC路径中的占位符常用于RESTful风格中,当请求路径中将某些数据通过路径的方式传输到服务器中,就可以在相应的@RequestMapping注解的value属性中通过占位符{xxx}表示传输的数据,在通过@PathVariable注解,将占位符所表示的数据赋值给控制器方法的形参
@RequestMapping("/showRest/{id}/{username}")
public String showRest(
@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
@PathVariable("username") String username
){
System.out.println("id:"+id+"username"+username);
return "success";
}
<a th:href="@{/showRest/1/admin}">测试路径中的占位符-->/testResta><br>
将HttpServletRequest作为控制器方法的形参,此时HttpServletRequest类型的参数表示封装了当前请求的请求报文的对象
<a th:href="@{/testParam(username='admin',password=123456)}">测试获取请求参数-->/testParama><br>
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String show(HttpServletRequest request){
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username:"+username+"===="+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
在控制器方法的形参位置,设置和请求参数同名的形参,当浏览器发送请求,匹配到请求映射时,在DispatcherServlet中就会将请求参数赋值给相应的形参
<a th:href="@{/testParam(username='admin',password=123456)}">测试获取请求参数-->/testParama><br>
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String show(String username ,String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+"===="+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
小结
如请求所传输的请求参数中有多个同名字段,可以在控制器方法形参中设置字符串数组接收请求参数
若使用字符串数组类型的形参,此参数的数组中包含了每一个数据
若使用字符串类型的形参,此参数的值为每个数据中间使用逗号拼接的结果
@RequestParam是将请求参数和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@RequestParam注解一共有三个属性:
value:指定为形参赋值的请求参数的参数名
required:设置是否必须传输此请求参数,默认值为true
若设置为true时,则当前请求必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输该请求参数,且没有设置defaultValue属性,则页面报错400:Required String parameter ‘xxx’ is not present;若设置为false,则当前请求不是必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输,则注解所标识的形参的值为null
defaultValue:不管required属性值为true或false,当value所指定的请求参数没有传输或传输的值为""时,则使用默认值为形参赋值
<a th:href="@{/testParam(user_name='admin',password=123456)}">测试获取请求参数-->/testParama><br>
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String show(
@RequestParam(value = "user_name",required = false,defaultValue = "我是行健乖乖霸") String username ,
String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+"===="+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
@RequestHeader是将请求头信息和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@RequestHeader注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String show(
@RequestParam(value = "user_name",required = false,defaultValue = "我是行健乖乖霸") String username ,
String password,
@RequestHeader(value = "Host", required = true, defaultValue = "haha") String host
){
System.out.println("username:"+username+"===="+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
@CookieValue是将cookie数据和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@CookieValue注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String show(
@RequestParam(value = "user_name",required = false,defaultValue = "我是行健乖乖霸") String username ,
String password,
@RequestHeader(value = "Host", required = true, defaultValue = "haha") String host,
@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String JSESSIONID
){
System.out.println("username:"+username+"===="+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
可以在控制器方法的形参位置设置一个实体类类型的形参,此时若浏览器传输的请求参数的参数名和实体类中的属性名一致,那么请求参数就会为此属性赋值
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
@Data
@ToString
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String sex;
private Integer age;
private String email;
}
<form th:action="@{/testpojo}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
性别:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
form>
@RequestMapping("/testPojo")
public String testPojo(User user){
System.out.println("user = " + user);
return "success";
}
//user = User(username=sentinel, password=sentinel, sex=??·, age=10, [email protected])
解决获取请求参数的乱码问题,可以使用SpringMVC提供的编码过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter,但是必须在web.xml中进行注册
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
小结
SpringMVC中处理编码的过滤器一定要配置到其他过滤器之前,否则无效
<body>
<h1>首页h1>
<a th:href="@{/testServletAPI}">通过servletAPI向request对象共享数据a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testModelAndView}">通过ModelAndVie向request域对象共享数据a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testMode}">通过Model向request域对象共享数据a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testMap}">通过Map向request域对象共享数据a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testSession}">通过Map向Session域对象共享数据a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testApplication}">通过servlet向Application域对象共享数据a><br>
body>
<body>
<h1>来了老弟h1>
<p th:text="${test}">p>
<p th:text="${session.test}">p>
<p th:text="${application.test}">p>
body>
/*
* 测试request域对象共享数据
* */
@RequestMapping("/testServletAPI")
public String show1(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("test","hello,servlet");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView show2(){
/*
* ModelAndView有Model和View的功能
* model主要用于向请求域共享数据
* View主要设置视图,实现页面跳转
* */
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("test","hello,ModelAndView");
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/testMode")
public String show3(Model model){
model.addAttribute("test","hello,Model");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testMap")
public String show4(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("test","hello,Map");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testSession")
public String show5(HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("test","hello,session");
return "success";
}
Model、ModelMap、Map类型的参数其实本质上都是 BindingAwareModelMap 类型的
public interface Model{
}
public class ModelMap extends LinkedHashMap<String, Object> {
}
public class ExtendedModelMap extends ModelMap implements Model {
}
public class BindingAwareModelMap extends ExtendedModelMap {
}
@RequestMapping("/testSession")
public String show5(HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("test","hello,session");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testApplication")
public String show6(HttpSession session){
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("test","hello,application");
return "success";
}
SpringMVC中的视图是View接口,视图的作用渲染数据,将模型Model中的数据展示给用户
SpringMVC视图的种类很多,默认有转发视图和重定向视图
当工程引入jstl的依赖,转发视图会自动转换为JstlView
若使用的视图技术为Thymeleaf,在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置了Thymeleaf的视图解析器,由此视图解析器解析之后所得到的是ThymeleafView
@RequestMapping("/testHello")
public String show7(){
return "hello";
}
SpringMVC中默认的转发视图是InternalResourceView
SpringMVC中创建转发视图的情况:
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"forward:"为前缀时,创建InternalResourceView视图,此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析,而是会将前缀"forward:"去掉,剩余部分作为最终路径通过转发的方式实现跳转
例如"forward:/",“forward:/employee”
@RequestMapping("/testForward")
public String testForward(){
return "forward:/testHello";
}
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SpringMVC中默认的重定向视图是RedirectView
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"redirect:"为前缀时,创建RedirectView视图,此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析,而是会将前缀"redirect:"去掉,剩余部分作为最终路径通过重定向的方式实现跳转
例如"redirect:/",“redirect:/employee”
@RequestMapping("/testRedirect")
public String testRedirect(){
return "redirect:/testHello";
}
注意
重定向视图在解析时,会先将redirect:前缀去掉,然后会判断剩余部分是否以/开头,若是则会自动拼接上下文路径
当控制器方法中,仅仅用来实现页面跳转,即只需要设置视图名称时,可以将处理器方法使用view-controller标签进行表示
<mvc:view-controller path="/testView" view-name="success">mvc:view-controller>
注:
当SpringMVC中设置任何一个view-controller时,其他控制器中的请求映射将全部失效,此时需要在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中设置开启mvc注解驱动的标签:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/">property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
bean>
REST:Representational State Transfer,表现层资源状态转移。
资源
资源是一种看待服务器的方式,即,将服务器看作是由很多离散的资源组成。每个资源是服务器上一个可命名的抽象概念。因为资源是一个抽象的概念,所以它不仅仅能代表服务器文件系统中的一个文件、数据库中的一张表等等具体的东西,可以将资源设计的要多抽象有多抽象,只要想象力允许而且客户端应用开发者能够理解。与面向对象设计类似,资源是以名词为核心来组织的,首先关注的是名词。一个资源可以由一个或多个URI来标识。URI既是资源的名称,也是资源在Web上的地址。对某个资源感兴趣的客户端应用,可以通过资源的URI与其进行交互。
资源的表述
资源的表述是一段对于资源在某个特定时刻的状态的描述。可以在客户端-服务器端之间转移(交换)。资源的表述可以有多种格式,例如HTML/XML/JSON/纯文本/图片/视频/音频等等。资源的表述格式可以通过协商机制来确定。请求-响应方向的表述通常使用不同的格式。
状态转移
状态转移说的是:在客户端和服务器端之间转移(transfer)代表资源状态的表述。通过转移和操作资源的表述,来间接实现操作资源的目的。
具体说,就是 HTTP 协议里面,四个表示操作方式的动词:GET、POST、PUT、DELETE。
它们分别对应四种基本操作:GET 用来获取资源,POST 用来新建资源,PUT 用来更新资源,DELETE 用来删除资源。
REST 风格提倡 URL 地址使用统一的风格设计,从前到后各个单词使用斜杠分开,不使用问号键值对方式携带请求参数,而是将要发送给服务器的数据作为 URL 地址的一部分,以保证整体风格的一致性。
操作 | 传统方式 | REST风格 |
---|---|---|
查询操作 | getUserById?id=1 | user/1–>get请求方式 |
保存操作 | saveUser | user–>post请求方式 |
删除操作 | deleteUser?id=1 | user/1–>delete请求方式 |
更新操作 | updateUser | user–>put请求方式 |
由于浏览器只支持发送get和post方式的请求,那么该如何发送put和delete请求呢?
SpringMVC 提供了 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 帮助我们将 POST 请求转换为 DELETE 或 PUT 请求
HiddenHttpMethodFilter 处理put和delete请求的条件:
a>当前请求的请求方式必须为post
b>当前请求必须传输请求参数_method
满足以上条件,HiddenHttpMethodFilter 过滤器就会将当前请求的请求方式转换为请求参数_method的值,因此请求参数_method的值才是最终的请求方式
在web.xml中注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
注
目前为止,SpringMVC中提供了两个过滤器:CharacterEncodingFilter和HiddenHttpMethodFilter
在web.xml中注册时,必须先注册CharacterEncodingFilter,再注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter
原因:
在 CharacterEncodingFilter 中通过 request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法设置字符集的
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法要求前面不能有任何获取请求参数的操作
而 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 恰恰有一个获取请求方式的操作:
String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
和传统 CRUD 一样,实现对员工信息的增删改查。
@Data
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
//1 male, 0 female
private Integer gender;
}
准备dao模拟数据
package com.atguigu.mvc.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.atguigu.mvc.bean.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;
static{
employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "[email protected]", 1));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "[email protected]", 1));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "[email protected]", 0));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "[email protected]", 0));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "[email protected]", 1));
}
private static Integer initId = 1006;
public void save(Employee employee){
if(employee.getId() == null){
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
}
public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
return employees.values();
}
public Employee get(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}
功能 | URL 地址 | 请求方式 |
---|---|---|
访问首页√ | / | GET |
查询全部数据√ | /employee | GET |
删除√ | /employee/2 | DELETE |
跳转到添加数据页面√ | /toAdd | GET |
执行保存√ | /employee | POST |
跳转到更新数据页面√ | /employee/2 | GET |
执行更新√ | /employee | PUT |
配置view-controller
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
创建页面
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" >
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<h1>首页h1>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">访问员工信息a>
body>
html>
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getEmployeeList(Model model){
Collection<Employee> employeeList = employeeDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("employeeList", employeeList);
return "employee_list";
}
employee_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Employee Info</title>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" id="dataTable">
<tr>
<th colspan="5">Employee Info</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>gender</th>
<th>options(<a th:href="@{/toAdd}">add</a>)</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="employee : ${employeeList}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
<td>
<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">delete</a>
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">update</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
创建处理delete请求方式的表单
<form id="delete_form" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
form>
删除超链接绑定点击事件、
引入vue.js
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}">script>
删除超链接
<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{
'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">deletea>
通过vue处理点击事件
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el:"#dataTable",
methods:{
//event表示当前事件
deleteEmployee:function (event) {
//通过id获取表单标签
var delete_form = document.getElementById("delete_form");
//将触发事件的超链接的href属性为表单的action属性赋值
delete_form.action = event.target.href;
//提交表单
delete_form.submit();
//阻止超链接的默认跳转行为
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
script>
控制器方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
employeeDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
配置view-controller
<mvc:view-controller path="/toAdd" view-name="employee_add">mvc:view-controller>
创建employee_add.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Add Employeetitle>
head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName"><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">female<br>
<input type="submit" value="add"><br>
form>
body>
html>
控制器方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addEmployee(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
修改超链接
<a th:href="@{
'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">updatea>
控制器方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Model model){
Employee employee = employeeDao.get(id);
model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
return "employee_update";
}
创建employee_update.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Update Employeetitle>
head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${employee.id}">
lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName" th:value="${employee.lastName}"><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email" th:value="${employee.email}"><br>
gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:field="${employee.gender}">male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:field="${employee.gender}">female<br>
<input type="submit" value="update"><br>
form>
body>
html>
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
HttpMessageConverter,报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody,RequestEntity
ResponseEntity
@RequestBody可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用
@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit">
form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody);
return "success";
}
输出结果
requestBody:username=sentinel&password=sentinel
RequestEntity封装请求报文的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息
@RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity")
public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){
System.out.println("requestHeader:"+requestEntity.getHeaders());
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestEntity.getBody());
return "success";
}
输出结果:
获取请求头:[host:"localhost:8080", connection:"keep-alive", content-length:"35", cache-control:"max-age=0", sec-ch-ua:""Google Chrome";v="95", "Chromium";v="95", ";Not A Brand";v="99"", sec-ch-ua-mobile:"?0", sec-ch-ua-platform:""Windows"", upgrade-insecure-requests:"1", origin:"http://localhost:8080", user-agent:"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36", accept:"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", sec-fetch-site:"same-origin", sec-fetch-mode:"navigate", sec-fetch-user:"?1", sec-fetch-dest:"document", referer:"http://localhost:8080/", accept-encoding:"gzip, deflate, br", accept-language:"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", cookie:"Idea-1c604217=53dcb9e4-df9e-4467-8204-5092ff8be49e", Content-Type:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"]
获取请求体:username=sentinel&password=sentinel
@ResponseBody用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
@ResponseBody
public String testResponseBody(){
return "success";
}
结果:浏览器页面显示success
@ResponseBody处理json的步骤:
导入jackson的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
<version>2.12.1version>
dependency>
在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,此时在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
<mvc:annotation-driven />
在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
@ResponseBody
public Employee testResponseBody(){
return new Employee(1,"来了老弟","[email protected]",456);
}
浏览器显示结果:
{
"id": 1,
"lastName": "来了老弟",
"email": "[email protected]",
"gender": 456
}
请求超链接:
<div id="app">
<a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjaxa><br>
div>
通过vue和axios处理点击事件:
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}">script>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}">script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el:"#app",
methods:{
testAjax:function (event) {
axios({
method:"post",
url:event.target.href,
params:{
username:"admin",
password:"123456"
}
}).then(function (response) {
alert(response.data);
});
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
script>
控制器方法:
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "hello,ajax";
}
@RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能
@RequestMapping("/testDown")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> show(HttpSession httpSession) throws IOException {
//获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = httpSession.getServletContext();
//获取服务器中文件真实路径
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");
//创建输入流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//创建字节数组
byte[] bytes = new byte[fileInputStream.available()];
//将流读进数组中
fileInputStream.read(bytes);
//创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头
MultiValueMap<String,String> httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
//下载方式以及下载的文件名称
httpHeaders.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");
//设置状态码
HttpStatus httpStatus = HttpStatus.OK;
//创建
ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, httpHeaders, httpStatus);
//关闭输入流
fileInputStream.close();
return responseEntity;
}
文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post,并且添加属性enctype=“multipart/form-data”
SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息
上传步骤:
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
<version>1.3.1version>
dependency>
html
<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
头像:<input type="file" name="photo"><br>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
form>
在SpringMVC的配置文件中添加配置:
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">bean>
控制器
@RequestMapping("/testUp")
public String show123(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//获取上传文件名称
String filename = photo.getOriginalFilename();
//处理文件重名
String hzName = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));
filename= UUID.randomUUID().toString()+hzName;
System.out.println("filename ================================= " + filename);
//获取文件路径
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
//创建目录
File file = new File(realPath);
//判断目录不存在创建目录
if (!file.exists()){
file.mkdirs();
}
String finaPath=realPath+File.separator+filename;
//实现上传功能
photo.transferTo(new File(finaPath));
return "testUp";
}
SpringMVC中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行
SpringMVC中的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor
SpringMVC的拦截器必须在SpringMVC的配置文件中进行配置:
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor">ref>
mvc:interceptor>
mvc:interceptors>
SpringMVC中的拦截器有三个抽象方法:
preHandle:控制器方法执行之前执行preHandle(),其boolean类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回false表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法
postHandle:控制器方法执行之后执行postHandle()
afterComplation:处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation()
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("你来了老弟1号preHandle" );
return false;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("你来了老弟2号postHandle" );
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("你来了老弟3号afterCompletion" );
}
}
a>若每个拦截器的preHandle()都返回true
此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在SpringMVC的配置文件的配置顺序有关:
preHandle()会按照配置的顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterComplation()会按照配置的反序执行
b>若某个拦截器的preHandle()返回了false
preHandle()返回false和它之前的拦截器的preHandle()都会执行,postHandle()都不执行,返回false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterComplation()会执行
SpringMVC提供了一个处理控制器方法执行过程中所出现的异常的接口:HandlerExceptionResolver
HandlerExceptionResolver接口的实现类有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver和SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC提供了自定义的异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver,使用方式:
->配置文件
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">errorprop>
props>
property>
<property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex">property>
bean>
->控制器
@RequestMapping("/error")
public void show7(){
System.out.println(1/0);
}
html
<a th:href="@{/error}">点击buga>
//@ControllerAdvice将当前类标识为异常处理的组件
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
//@ExceptionHandler用于设置所标识方法处理的异常
@ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
//ex表示当前请求处理中出现的异常对象
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception ex, Model model){
model.addAttribute("ex", ex);
return "error";
}
}
在Servlet3.0环境中,容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类,如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器。
Spring提供了这个接口的实现,名为SpringServletContainerInitializer,这个类反过来又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer基础实现,名为AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,当我们的类扩展了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer并将其部署到Servlet3.0容器的时候,容器会自动发现它,并用它来配置Servlet上下文。
package com.xjggb.annotation;
import com.xjggb.config.SpringConfig;
import com.xjggb.config.WebConfig;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
/**
* 指定spring的配置类
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{
SpringConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定SpringMVC的配置类
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{
WebConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
*/
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{
"/"};
}
/**
* 添加过滤器
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter encodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
encodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
encodingFilter.setForceRequestEncoding(true);
HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
return new Filter[]{
encodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
}
}
package com.xjggb.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
//ssm整合之后,spring的配置信息写在此类中
}
package com.xjggb.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;
@Configuration
//扫描组件
@ComponentScan("com.xjggb")
//开启MVC注解驱动
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//使用默认的servlet处理静态资源
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
//配置文件上传解析器
@Bean
public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
}
//配置拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
FirstInterceptor firstInterceptor = new FirstInterceptor();
registry.addInterceptor(firstInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/");
}
//配置视图控制
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
}
//配置异常映射
/*@Override
public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List resolvers) {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");
//设置异常映射
exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
//设置共享异常信息的键
exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
}*/
//配置生成模板解析器
@Bean
public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(
webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
return templateResolver;
}
//生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
return templateEngine;
}
//生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
return viewResolver;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(){
return "index";
}
作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
作用:根据请求的url、method等信息查找Handler,即控制器方法
作用:在DispatcherServlet的控制下Handler对具体的用户请求进行处理
作用:通过HandlerAdapter对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行
作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、RedirectView
作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户
DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet 生命周期来进行调度。
初始化WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
// 创建WebApplicationContext
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 刷新WebApplicationContext
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
// 将IOC容器在应用域共享
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
创建WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
}
// 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
// 设置父容器
wac.setParent(parent);
String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
if (configLocation != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
return wac;
}
FrameworkServlet创建WebApplicationContext后,刷新容器,调用onRefresh(wac),此方法在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写,调用了initStrategies(context)方法,初始化策略,即初始化DispatcherServlet的各个组件
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context);
initHandlerAdapters(context);
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx(),这些方法中调用了processRequest(request, response)
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
// 执行服务,doService()是一个抽象方法,在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
doService()
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logRequest(request);
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
RequestPath requestPath = null;
if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) {
requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
}
try {
// 处理请求和响应
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
if (requestPath != null) {
ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request);
}
}
}
doDispatch()
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
/*
mappedHandler:调用链
包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex
handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法
interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合
interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行
*/
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器,调用所对应的控制器方法
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
// 调用拦截器的preHandle()
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndView对象
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
// 调用拦截器的postHandle()
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
processDispatchResult()
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
// 处理模型数据和渲染视图
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
// 调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
SpringMVC的执行流程
用户向服务器发送请求,请求被SpringMVC 前端控制器 DispatcherServlet捕获。
DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析,得到请求资源标识符(URI),判断请求URI对应的映射:
i. 再判断是否配置了mvc:default-servlet-handler
ii. 如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示404错误
iii. 如果有配置,则访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如:JS,CSS,HTML),找不到客户端也会展示404错误
b) 存在则执行下面的流程
根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain执行链对象的形式返回。
DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。
如果成功获得HandlerAdapter,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(…)方法【正向】
提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler(Controller)方法,处理请求。在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:
a) HttpMessageConveter: 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息
b) 数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等
c) 数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
d) 数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中
Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象。
此时将开始执行拦截器的postHandle(…)方法【逆向】。
根据返回的ModelAndView(此时会判断是否存在异常:如果存在异常,则执行HandlerExceptionResolver进行异常处理)选择一个适合的ViewResolver进行视图解析,根据Model和View,来渲染视图。
渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion(…)方法【逆向】。
将渲染结果返回给客户端。