site
模块添加的常量and
, or
, not
int
, float
, complex
list
, tuple
, range
str
bytes
, bytearray
, memoryview
set
, frozenset
dict
string
--- 常见的字符串操作re
--- 正则表达式操作difflib
--- 计算差异的辅助工具textwrap
--- 文本自动换行与填充unicodedata
--- Unicode 数据库stringprep
--- 因特网字符串预备readline
--- GNU readline 接口rlcompleter
--- GNU readline 的补全函数struct
--- 将字节串解读为打包的二进制数据codecs
--- 编解码器注册和相关基类datetime
--- 基本的日期和时间类型zoneinfo
--- IANA 时区支持calendar
--- 日历相关函数collections
--- 容器数据类型collections.abc
--- 容器的抽象基类heapq
--- 堆队列算法bisect
--- 数组二分查找算法array
--- 高效的数值数组weakref
--- 弱引用types
--- 动态类型创建和内置类型名称copy
--- 浅层 (shallow) 和深层 (deep) 复制操作pprint
--- 数据美化输出reprlib
--- 另一种 repr()
实现enum
--- 对枚举的支持graphlib
--- Functionality to operate with graph-like structuresnumbers
--- 数字的抽象基类math
--- 数学函数cmath
--- 关于复数的数学函数decimal
--- 十进制定点和浮点运算fractions
--- 分数random
--- 生成伪随机数statistics
--- 数学统计函数itertools
--- 为高效循环而创建迭代器的函数functools
--- 高阶函数和可调用对象上的操作operator
--- 标准运算符替代函数pathlib
--- 面向对象的文件系统路径os.path
--- 常用路径操作fileinput
--- 迭代来自多个输入流的行stat
--- 解析 stat()
结果filecmp
--- 文件及目录的比较tempfile
--- 生成临时文件和目录glob
--- Unix 风格路径名模式扩展fnmatch
--- Unix 文件名模式匹配linecache
--- 随机读写文本行shutil
--- 高阶文件操作pickle
--- Python 对象序列化copyreg
--- 注册配合 pickle
模块使用的函数shelve
--- Python 对象持久化marshal
--- 内部 Python 对象序列化dbm
--- Unix "数据库" 接口sqlite3
--- SQLite 数据库 DB-API 2.0 接口模块zlib
--- 与 gzip 兼容的压缩gzip
--- 对 gzip 格式的支持bz2
--- 对 bzip2 压缩算法的支持lzma
--- 用 LZMA 算法压缩zipfile
--- 使用ZIP存档tarfile
--- 读写tar归档文件csv
--- CSV 文件读写configparser
--- 配置文件解析器netrc
--- netrc 文件处理xdrlib
--- 编码与解码 XDR 数据plistlib
--- 生成与解析 Apple .plist
文件hashlib
--- 安全哈希与消息摘要hmac
--- 基于密钥的消息验证secrets
--- 生成安全随机数字用于管理密码os
--- 多种操作系统接口io
--- 处理流的核心工具time
--- 时间的访问和转换argparse
--- 命令行选项、参数和子命令解析器getopt
--- C 风格的命令行选项解析器logging
--- Python 的日志记录工具logging.config
--- 日志记录配置logging.handlers
--- 日志处理程序getpass
--- 便携式密码输入工具curses
--- 终端字符单元显示的处理curses.textpad
--- 用于 curses 程序的文本输入控件curses.ascii
--- 用于 ASCII 字符的工具curses.panel
--- curses 的面板栈扩展platform
--- 获取底层平台的标识数据errno
--- 标准 errno 系统符号ctypes
--- Python 的外部函数库threading
--- 基于线程的并行multiprocessing
--- 基于进程的并行multiprocessing.shared_memory
--- 可从进程直接访问的共享内存concurrent
包concurrent.futures
--- 启动并行任务subprocess
--- 子进程管理sched
--- 事件调度器queue
--- 一个同步的队列类_thread
--- 底层多线程 APIcontextvars
--- 上下文变量
asyncio
--- 异步 I/Osocket
--- 底层网络接口ssl
--- 套接字对象的 TLS/SSL 包装器select
--- 等待 I/O 完成selectors
--- 高级 I/O 复用库asyncore
--- 异步套接字处理器asynchat
--- 异步套接字指令/响应处理程序signal
--- 设置异步事件处理程序mmap
--- 内存映射文件支持email
--- 电子邮件与 MIME 处理包json
--- JSON 编码和解码器mailcap
--- Mailcap 文件处理mailbox
--- Manipulate mailboxes in various formatsmimetypes
--- Map filenames to MIME typesbase64
--- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 数据编码binhex
--- 对binhex4文件进行编码和解码binascii
--- 二进制和 ASCII 码互转quopri
--- 编码与解码经过 MIME 转码的可打印数据uu
--- 对 uuencode 文件进行编码与解码html
--- 超文本标记语言支持html.parser
--- 简单的 HTML 和 XHTML 解析器html.entities
--- HTML 一般实体的定义xml.etree.ElementTree
--- ElementTree XML APIxml.dom
--- The Document Object Model APIxml.dom.minidom
--- Minimal DOM implementationxml.dom.pulldom
--- Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax
--- Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler
--- Base classes for SAX handlersxml.sax.saxutils
--- SAX 工具集xml.sax.xmlreader
--- Interface for XML parsersxml.parsers.expat
--- Fast XML parsing using Expatwebbrowser
--- 方便的Web浏览器控制器cgi
--- Common Gateway Interface supportcgitb
--- 用于 CGI 脚本的回溯管理器wsgiref
--- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationurllib
--- URL 处理模块urllib.request
--- 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库urllib.response
--- urllib 使用的 Response 类urllib.parse
--- Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error
--- urllib.request 引发的异常类urllib.robotparser
--- robots.txt 语法分析程序http
--- HTTP 模块http.client
--- HTTP 协议客户端ftplib
--- FTP 协议客户端poplib
--- POP3 协议客户端imaplib
--- IMAP4 protocol clientnntplib
--- NNTP protocol clientsmtplib
---SMTP协议客户端smtpd
--- SMTP 服务器telnetlib
--- Telnet clientuuid
--- UUID objects according to RFC 4122socketserver
--- A framework for network servershttp.server
--- HTTP 服务器http.cookies
--- HTTP状态管理http.cookiejar
—— HTTP 客户端的 Cookie 处理xmlrpc
--- XMLRPC 服务端与客户端模块xmlrpc.client
--- XML-RPC client accessxmlrpc.server
--- Basic XML-RPC serversipaddress
--- IPv4/IPv6 操作库audioop
--- 处理原始音频数据aifc
--- 读写 AIFF 和 AIFC 文件sunau
--- 读写 Sun AU 文件wave
--- 读写WAV格式文件chunk
--- 读取 IFF 分块数据colorsys
--- 颜色系统间的转换imghdr
--- 推测图像类型sndhdr
--- 推测声音文件的类型ossaudiodev
--- Access to OSS-compatible audio devicesgettext
--- 多语种国际化服务locale
--- 国际化服务turtle
--- 海龟绘图cmd
--- 支持面向行的命令解释器shlex
--- Simple lexical analysistkinter
--- Tcl/Tk的Python接口tkinter.colorchooser
--- 颜色选择对话框tkinter.font
--- Tkinter 字体封装tkinter.messagebox
--- Tkinter 消息提示tkinter.scrolledtext
--- 滚动文字控件tkinter.dnd
--- 拖放操作支持tkinter.ttk
--- Tk主题部件tkinter.tix
--- Extension widgets for Tktyping
--- 类型提示支持pydoc
--- 文档生成器和在线帮助系统doctest
--- 测试交互性的Python示例unittest
--- 单元测试框架unittest.mock
--- mock对象库unittest.mock
上手指南test
--- Python回归测试包test.support
--- Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper
--- Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper
--- Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper
--- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationbdb
--- Debugger frameworkfaulthandler
--- Dump the Python tracebackpdb
--- Python 的调试器timeit
--- 测量小代码片段的执行时间trace
--- 跟踪Python语句执行tracemalloc
--- 跟踪内存分配distutils
--- 构建和安装 Python 模块ensurepip
--- Bootstrapping the pip
installervenv
--- 创建虚拟环境zipapp
--- Manage executable Python zip archivessys
--- 系统相关的参数和函数sysconfig
--- Provide access to Python's configuration informationbuiltins
--- 内建对象__main__
--- 顶层脚本环境warnings
--- Warning controldataclasses
--- 数据类contextlib
--- 为 with
语句上下文提供的工具abc
--- 抽象基类atexit
--- 退出处理器traceback
--- 打印或检索堆栈回溯__future__
--- Future 语句定义gc
--- 垃圾回收器接口inspect
--- 检查对象site
—— 指定域的配置钩子code
--- 解释器基类codeop
--- 编译Python代码zipimport
--- 从 Zip 存档中导入模块pkgutil
--- 包扩展工具modulefinder
--- 查找脚本使用的模块runpy
--- Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib
--- import
的实现importlib.metadata
parser
--- 访问 Python 解析树ast
--- 抽象语法树symtable
--- Access to the compiler's symbol tablessymbol
--- 与 Python 解析树一起使用的常量token
--- 与Python解析树一起使用的常量keyword
--- 检验Python关键字tokenize
--- 对 Python 代码使用的标记解析器tabnanny
--- 模糊缩进检测pyclbr
--- Python 模块浏览器支持py_compile
--- 编译 Python 源文件compileall
--- Byte-compile Python librariesdis
--- Python 字节码反汇编器pickletools
--- pickle 开发者工具集formatter
--- 通用格式化输出msilib
--- Read and write Microsoft Installer filesmsvcrt
--- 来自 MS VC++ 运行时的有用例程winreg
--- Windows 注册表访问winsound
--- Sound-playing interface for Windowsposix
--- 最常见的 POSIX 系统调用pwd
--- 用户密码数据库spwd
--- The shadow password databasegrp
--- 组数据库crypt
--- Function to check Unix passwordstermios
--- POSIX 风格的 tty 控制tty
--- 终端控制功能pty
--- 伪终端工具fcntl
--- The fcntl
and ioctl
system callspipes
--- 终端管道接口resource
--- Resource usage informationnis
--- Sun 的 NIS (黄页) 接口optparse
--- 解析器的命令行选项imp
--- Access the import internals