解决：javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure 问题解决方案
用java WebMagic爬虫中创建spider过程中出现以下错误：
先贴错误代码：
解决方案：
- 重写HttpClientGenerator和HttpClientDownloader两个方法
重写HttpClientGenerator方法：
package com.spider.task;
import org.apache.http.HttpException;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.config.SocketConfig;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.*;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.CustomRedirectStrategy;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author 咸鱼
* @date 2018/12/28 21:19
*/
public class HttpClientGenerator {
private transient Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager;
public HttpClientGenerator() {
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> reg = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", buildSSLConnectionSocketFactory())
.build();
connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(reg);
connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100);
}
private SSLConnectionSocketFactory buildSSLConnectionSocketFactory() {
try {
// 优先绕过安全证书
return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(createIgnoreVerifySSL(), new String[]{
"SSLv3", "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2"},
null,
new DefaultHostnameVerifier());
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
logger.error("ssl connection fail", e);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
logger.error("ssl connection fail", e);
}
return SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
}
private SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
// 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] {
trustManager }, null);
return sc;
}
public HttpClientGenerator setPoolSize(int poolSize) {
connectionManager.setMaxTotal(poolSize);
return this;
}
public CloseableHttpClient getClient(Site site) {
return generateClient(site);
}
private CloseableHttpClient generateClient(Site site) {
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
if (site.getUserAgent() != null) {
httpClientBuilder.setUserAgent(site.getUserAgent());
} else {
httpClientBuilder.setUserAgent("");
}
if (site.isUseGzip()) {
httpClientBuilder.addInterceptorFirst(new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
@Override
public void process(
final HttpRequest request,
final HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {
if (!request.containsHeader("Accept-Encoding")) {
request.addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
}
}
});
}
//解决post/redirect/post 302跳转问题
httpClientBuilder.setRedirectStrategy(new CustomRedirectStrategy());
SocketConfig.Builder socketConfigBuilder = SocketConfig.custom();
socketConfigBuilder.setSoKeepAlive(true).setTcpNoDelay(true);
socketConfigBuilder.setSoTimeout(site.getTimeOut());
SocketConfig socketConfig = socketConfigBuilder.build();
httpClientBuilder.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);
connectionManager.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);
httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(site.getRetryTimes(), true));
generateCookie(httpClientBuilder, site);
return httpClientBuilder.build();
}
private void generateCookie(HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder, Site site) {
if (site.isDisableCookieManagement()) {
httpClientBuilder.disableCookieManagement();
return;
}
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> cookieEntry : site.getCookies().entrySet()) {
BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie(cookieEntry.getKey(), cookieEntry.getValue());
cookie.setDomain(site.getDomain());
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Map<String, String>> domainEntry : site.getAllCookies().entrySet()) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> cookieEntry : domainEntry.getValue().entrySet()) {
BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie(cookieEntry.getKey(), cookieEntry.getValue());
cookie.setDomain(domainEntry.getKey());
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore);
}
}
重写HttpClientDownloader方法：
package com.spider.task;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Request;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Task;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.AbstractDownloader;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientRequestContext;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpUriRequestConverter;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.proxy.Proxy;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.proxy.ProxyProvider;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.selector.PlainText;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.CharsetUtils;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
1. @author 咸鱼
2. @date 2018/12/28 21:22
*/
public class HttpClientDownloader extends AbstractDownloader {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private final Map<String, CloseableHttpClient> httpClients = new HashMap<String, CloseableHttpClient>();
private HttpClientGenerator httpClientGenerator = new HttpClientGenerator();
private HttpUriRequestConverter httpUriRequestConverter = new HttpUriRequestConverter();
private ProxyProvider proxyProvider;
private boolean responseHeader = true;
public void setHttpUriRequestConverter(HttpUriRequestConverter httpUriRequestConverter) {
this.httpUriRequestConverter = httpUriRequestConverter;
}
public void setProxyProvider(ProxyProvider proxyProvider) {
this.proxyProvider = proxyProvider;
}
private CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(Site site) {
if (site == null) {
return httpClientGenerator.getClient(null);
}
String domain = site.getDomain();
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpClients.get(domain);
if (httpClient == null) {
synchronized (this) {
httpClient = httpClients.get(domain);
if (httpClient == null) {
httpClient = httpClientGenerator.getClient(site);
httpClients.put(domain, httpClient);
}
}
}
return httpClient;
}
@Override
public Page download(Request request, Task task) {
if (task == null || task.getSite() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task or site can not be null");
}
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient(task.getSite());
Proxy proxy = proxyProvider != null ? proxyProvider.getProxy(task) : null;
HttpClientRequestContext requestContext = httpUriRequestConverter.convert(request, task.getSite(), proxy);
Page page = Page.fail();
try {
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(requestContext.getHttpUriRequest(), requestContext.getHttpClientContext());
page = handleResponse(request, request.getCharset() != null ? request.getCharset() : task.getSite().getCharset(), httpResponse, task);
onSuccess(request);
logger.info("downloading page success {}", request.getUrl());
return page;
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.warn("download page {} error", request.getUrl(), e);
onError(request);
return page;
} finally {
if (httpResponse != null) {
//ensure the connection is released back to pool
EntityUtils.consumeQuietly(httpResponse.getEntity());
}
if (proxyProvider != null && proxy != null) {
proxyProvider.returnProxy(proxy, page, task);
}
}
}
@Override
public void setThread(int thread) {
httpClientGenerator.setPoolSize(thread);
}
protected Page handleResponse(Request request, String charset, HttpResponse httpResponse, Task task) throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(httpResponse.getEntity().getContent());
String contentType = httpResponse.getEntity().getContentType() == null ? "" : httpResponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
Page page = new Page();
page.setBytes(bytes);
if (!request.isBinaryContent()){
if (charset == null) {
charset = getHtmlCharset(contentType, bytes);
}
page.setCharset(charset);
page.setRawText(new String(bytes, charset));
}
page.setUrl(new PlainText(request.getUrl()));
page.setRequest(request);
page.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
page.setDownloadSuccess(true);
if (responseHeader) {
page.setHeaders(HttpClientUtils.convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders()));
}
return page;
}
private String getHtmlCharset(String contentType, byte[] contentBytes) throws IOException {
String charset = CharsetUtils.detectCharset(contentType, contentBytes);
if (charset == null) {
charset = Charset.defaultCharset().name();
logger.warn("Charset autodetect failed, use {} as charset. Please specify charset in Site.setCharset()", Charset.defaultCharset());
}
return charset;
}
}
- 注意：首先查看你要爬的网站所支持的协议，
此网站https://myssl.com/可以进行查询。
点进去之后可以看到：
接下来在刚才重写的第一个方法中找到该行代码
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
在引号内修改成你想要爬的网站所支持的协议
- 最后
在创建spider处增加一个调用方法
Spider.create(new AutoRunTask())
.addUrl(url)
.setDownloader(new HttpClientDownloader())
.thread(1)
.run();
完美解决：
最后，有些博主提出可以通过添加以下代码解决
System.setProperty("https.protocols", "TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1,SSLv3");
我试过对我项目没有用，也有很多博主不推荐使用此方法去修改全局变量。