【STM32】基于实时时钟RTC实现STM32F103的日历读取、设置和输出
目录
- 一、RTC简介
-
- 1. RTC实时时钟特征与原理
- 2. RTC组成
- 二、基于STM32CubeMX建立工程
- 三、代码编写
- 四、总结
- 五、参考
一、RTC简介
1. RTC实时时钟特征与原理
RTC (Real Time Clock)：实时时钟
实时时钟是一个独立的定时器。RTC模块拥有一组连续计数的计数器，在相应软件配置下，可提供时钟日历的功能。修改计数器的值可以重新设置系统当前的时间和日期。
RTC模块和时钟配置系统(RCC_BDCR寄存器)处于后备区域，即在系统复位或从待机模式唤醒后， RTC的设置和时间维持不变。
系统复位后，对后备寄存器和RTC的访问被禁止，这是为了防止对后备区域(BKP)的意外写操作。执行以下操作将使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问：
- 设置寄存器RCC_APB1ENR的PWREN和BKPEN位，使能电源和后备接口时钟
- 设置寄存器PWR_CR的DBP位，使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问。
2. RTC组成
- APB1接口：用来和APB1总线相连。通过APB1接口可以访问RTC的相关寄存器（预分频值，计数器值，闹钟值）。
- RTC核心：由一组可编程计数器组成。分两个主要模块。
第一个是RTC预分频模块，它可以编程产生最长1秒的RTC时间基TR_CLK。如果设置了秒中断允许位，可以产生秒中断。
第二个是32位的可编程计数器，可被初始化为当前时间。系统时间按TR_CLK周期累加并与存储在RTC_ALR寄存器中的可编程时间相比，当匹配时候如果设置了闹钟中断允许位，可以产生闹钟中断。
- RTC内核完全独立于APB1接口，软件通过APB1接口对RTC相关寄存器访问。但是相关寄存器只在RTC APB1时钟进行重新同步的RTC时钟的上升沿被更新。所以软件必须先等待寄存器同步标志位（RTC_CRL的RSF位）被硬件置1才读。
二、基于STM32CubeMX建立工程
- 配置
RCC：
- 配置
RTC：
- 设置初始时间
- 配置
USART1：
- 生成项目：
三、代码编写
修改main.c文件
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* © Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "rtc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
RTC_DateTypeDef GetData; //获取日期结构体
RTC_TimeTypeDef GetTime; //获取时间结构体
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_RTC_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* Get the RTC current Time */
HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &GetTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
/* Get the RTC current Date */
HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &GetData, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
/* Display date Format : yy/mm/dd */
printf("%02d/%02d/%02d\r\n",2000 + GetData.Year, GetData.Month, GetData.Date);
/* Display time Format : hh:mm:ss */
printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\r\n",GetTime.Hours, GetTime.Minutes, GetTime.Seconds);
printf("\r\n");
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {
0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {
0};
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {
0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;
PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
-
编译
-
烧录
-
运行
四、总结
本文简单介绍了实时时钟RTC的原理，并基于STM32F103编程实现STM32的日历读取、设置和输出。
五、参考
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/393918577