【STM32】基于实时时钟RTC实现STM32F103的日历读取、设置和输出

一、RTC简介

1. RTC实时时钟特征与原理

RTC (Real Time Clock)：实时时钟
  实时时钟是一个独立的定时器。RTC模块拥有一组连续计数的计数器，在相应软件配置下，可提供时钟日历的功能。修改计数器的值可以重新设置系统当前的时间和日期。
  RTC模块和时钟配置系统(RCC_BDCR寄存器)处于后备区域，即在系统复位或从待机模式唤醒后， RTC的设置和时间维持不变。
  系统复位后，对后备寄存器和RTC的访问被禁止，这是为了防止对后备区域(BKP)的意外写操作。执行以下操作将使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问：

• 设置寄存器RCC_APB1ENR的PWREN和BKPEN位，使能电源和后备接口时钟
• 设置寄存器PWR_CR的DBP位，使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问。

2. RTC组成

• APB1接口：用来和APB1总线相连。通过APB1接口可以访问RTC的相关寄存器（预分频值，计数器值，闹钟值）。
• RTC核心：由一组可编程计数器组成。分两个主要模块。
  第一个是RTC预分频模块，它可以编程产生最长1秒的RTC时间基TR_CLK。如果设置了秒中断允许位，可以产生秒中断。
  第二个是32位的可编程计数器，可被初始化为当前时间。系统时间按TR_CLK周期累加并与存储在RTC_ALR寄存器中的可编程时间相比，当匹配时候如果设置了闹钟中断允许位，可以产生闹钟中断。
  
• RTC内核完全独立于APB1接口，软件通过APB1接口对RTC相关寄存器访问。但是相关寄存器只在RTC APB1时钟进行重新同步的RTC时钟的上升沿被更新。所以软件必须先等待寄存器同步标志位（RTC_CRL的RSF位）被硬件置1才读。

二、基于STM32CubeMX建立工程

• 配置 RCC：
  
• 配置RTC：
  
• 设置初始时间
  
• 配置USART1：
  
• 生成项目：
  

三、代码编写

修改main.c文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * 
© Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "rtc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
RTC_DateTypeDef GetData;  //获取日期结构体

RTC_TimeTypeDef GetTime;   //获取时间结构体

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
     
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_RTC_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
     
 	  /* Get the RTC current Time */
	  HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &GetTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
      /* Get the RTC current Date */
  	  HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &GetData, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);

      /* Display date Format : yy/mm/dd */
      printf("%02d/%02d/%02d\r\n",2000 + GetData.Year, GetData.Month, GetData.Date);
      /* Display time Format : hh:mm:ss */
  	  printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\r\n",GetTime.Hours, GetTime.Minutes, GetTime.Seconds);

  	  printf("\r\n");

  	  HAL_Delay(1000);

  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
     
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {
     0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {
     0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {
     0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
     
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
     
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;
  PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
     
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
     
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
     
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
     
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

• 编译
  

• 烧录
  

• 运行
  

四、总结

  本文简单介绍了实时时钟RTC的原理，并基于STM32F103编程实现STM32的日历读取、设置和输出。

五、参考

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/393918577