python+selenium+unittest进行UI自动化测试
- python+selenium+unittest进行UI自动化测试
-
python+selenium+unittest进行UI自动化测试
驱动下载
- chromedriver.exe：https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
- Firefox全历史版本下载：http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/
- geckodriver.exe:https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
- 全驱动下载链接：https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/
整体框架
- test.py
import os
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import etree
from BeautifulReport import BeautifulReport
class CDY(unittest.TestCase):
'''测试报告基础测试用例'''
driver = None
img_path = 'img'
@staticmethod
def parse(html,xpath):
'''获取页面元素对应的xpath'''
return etree.HTML(html).xpath(xpath)
def save_img(self,img_name):
'''传入一个ing_name,并保存到默认文件路径下'''
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file('{}/{}.png'.format(os.path.abspath(self.img_path),img_name))
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
'''set up method'''
cls.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
cls.test_page = 'http:///login'
def tearDown(self):
'''tear down method'''
def test_home_page_is_ok(self):
'''测试登录页面，并用tittle设置断言'''
self.driver.get(self.test_page)
print('打开浏览器，访问：{}'.format(self.test_page))
title = CDY.parse(self.driver.page_source,'//title/text()')[0]
print('获取到对应的title:{}'.format(title))
self.assertEqual(title,"海汇德充电云")
print('断言通过，title={}'.format(title))
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div/input').send_keys('')
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/input').send_keys('')
time.sleep(3)
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[4]').click()
print('登录成功')
print('登录成功')
- run_report.py
import unittest
from BeautifulReport import BeautifulReport
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('../tests', pattern='test_01.py')
result = BeautifulReport(test_suite)
result.report(filename='测试报告', description='测试deafult报告', log_path='.')
- BeautifulReport.py
"""
@Version: 1.0
"""
import os
import sys
from io import StringIO as StringIO
import time
import json
import unittest
import platform
import base64
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
import traceback
from functools import wraps
__all__ = ['BeautifulReport']
HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE = """
"""
class OutputRedirector(object):
""" Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
def write(self, s):
self.fp.write(s)
def writelines(self, lines):
self.fp.writelines(lines)
def flush(self):
self.fp.flush()
stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)
SYSSTR = platform.system()
SITE_PAKAGE_PATH = get_python_lib()
FIELDS = {
"testPass": 0,
"testResult": [
],
"testName": "",
"testAll": 0,
"testFail": 0,
"beginTime": "",
"totalTime": "",
"testSkip": 0
}
class PATH:
""" all file PATH meta """
config_tmp_path = os.path.abspath('.') + '/template/template'
class MakeResultJson:
""" make html table tags """
def __init__(self, datas: tuple):
"""
init self object
:param datas: 拿到所有返回数据结构
"""
self.datas = datas
self.result_schema = {
}
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
"""
:param key: self[key]
:param value: value
:return:
"""
self[key] = value
def __repr__(self) -> str:
"""
返回对象的html结构体
:rtype: dict
:return: self的repr对象, 返回一个构造完成的tr表单
"""
keys = (
'className',
'methodName',
'description',
'spendTime',
'status',
'log',
)
for key, data in zip(keys, self.datas):
self.result_schema.setdefault(key, data)
return json.dumps(self.result_schema)
class ReportTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
""" override"""
def __init__(self, suite, stream=sys.stdout):
""" pass """
super(ReportTestResult, self).__init__()
self.begin_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
self.start_time = 0
self.stream = stream
self.end_time = 0
self.failure_count = 0
self.error_count = 0
self.success_count = 0
self.skipped = 0
self.verbosity = 1
self.success_case_info = []
self.skipped_case_info = []
self.failures_case_info = []
self.errors_case_info = []
self.all_case_counter = 0
self.suite = suite
self.status = ''
self.result_list = []
self.case_log = ''
self.default_report_name = '自动化测试报告'
self.FIELDS = None
self.sys_stdout = None
self.sys_stderr = None
self.outputBuffer = None
@property
def success_counter(self) -> int:
""" set success counter """
return self.success_count
@success_counter.setter
def success_counter(self, value) -> None:
"""
success_counter函数的setter方法, 用于改变成功的case数量
:param value: 当前传递进来的成功次数的int数值
:return:
"""
self.success_count = value
def startTest(self, test) -> None:
"""
当测试用例测试即将运行时调用
:return:
"""
unittest.TestResult.startTest(self, test)
self.outputBuffer = StringIO()
stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
self.sys_stdout = sys.stdout
self.sys_stdout = sys.stderr
sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
self.start_time = time.time()
def stopTest(self, test) -> None:
"""
当测试用力执行完成后进行调用
:return:
"""
self.end_time = '{0:.3} s'.format((time.time() - self.start_time))
self.result_list.append(self.get_all_result_info_tuple(test))
self.complete_output()
def complete_output(self):
"""
Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.
Safe to call multiple times.
"""
if self.sys_stdout:
sys.stdout = self.sys_stdout
sys.stderr = self.sys_stdout
self.sys_stdout = None
self.sys_stdout = None
return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
def stopTestRun(self, title=None) -> dict:
"""
所有测试执行完成后, 执行该方法
:param title:
:return:
"""
FIELDS['testPass'] = self.success_counter
for item in self.result_list:
item = json.loads(str(MakeResultJson(item)))
FIELDS.get('testResult').append(item)
FIELDS['testAll'] = len(self.result_list)
FIELDS['testName'] = title if title else self.default_report_name
FIELDS['testFail'] = self.failure_count
FIELDS['beginTime'] = self.begin_time
end_time = int(time.time())
start_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(self.begin_time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
FIELDS['totalTime'] = str(end_time - start_time) + 's'
FIELDS['testError'] = self.error_count
FIELDS['testSkip'] = self.skipped
self.FIELDS = FIELDS
return FIELDS
def get_all_result_info_tuple(self, test) -> tuple:
"""
接受test 相关信息, 并拼接成一个完成的tuple结构返回
:param test:
:return:
"""
return tuple([*self.get_testcase_property(test), self.end_time, self.status, self.case_log])
@staticmethod
def error_or_failure_text(err) -> str:
"""
获取sys.exc_info()的参数并返回字符串类型的数据, 去掉t6 error
:param err:
:return:
"""
return traceback.format_exception(*err)
def addSuccess(self, test) -> None:
"""
pass
:param test:
:return:
"""
logs = []
output = self.complete_output()
logs.append(output)
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('ok ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('.')
self.success_counter += 1
self.status = '成功'
self.case_log = output.split('\n')
self._mirrorOutput = True
def addError(self, test, err):
"""
add Some Error Result and infos
:param test:
:param err:
:return:
"""
logs = []
output = self.complete_output()
logs.append(output)
logs.extend(self.error_or_failure_text(err))
self.failure_count += 1
self.add_test_type('失败', logs)
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
self._mirrorOutput = True
def addFailure(self, test, err):
"""
add Some Failures Result and infos
:param test:
:param err:
:return:
"""
logs = []
output = self.complete_output()
logs.append(output)
logs.extend(self.error_or_failure_text(err))
self.failure_count += 1
self.add_test_type('失败', logs)
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
self._mirrorOutput = True
def addSkip(self, test, reason) -> None:
"""
获取全部的跳过的case信息
:param test:
:param reason:
:return: None
"""
logs = [reason]
self.complete_output()
self.skipped += 1
self.add_test_type('跳过', logs)
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('S ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('S')
self._mirrorOutput = True
def add_test_type(self, status: str, case_log: list) -> None:
"""
abstruct add test type and return tuple
:param status:
:param case_log:
:return:
"""
self.status = status
self.case_log = case_log
@staticmethod
def get_testcase_property(test) -> tuple:
"""
接受一个test, 并返回一个test的class_name, method_name, method_doc属性
:param test:
:return: (class_name, method_name, method_doc) -> tuple
"""
class_name = test.__class__.__qualname__
method_name = test.__dict__['_testMethodName']
method_doc = test.__dict__['_testMethodDoc']
return class_name, method_name, method_doc
class BeautifulReport(ReportTestResult, PATH):
img_path = 'img/' if platform.system() != 'Windows' else 'img\\'
def __init__(self, suites):
super(BeautifulReport, self).__init__(suites)
self.suites = suites
self.log_path = None
self.title = '自动化测试报告'
self.filename = 'report.html'
def report(self, description, filename: str = None, log_path='.'):
"""
生成测试报告,并放在当前运行路径下
:param log_path: 生成report的文件存储路径
:param filename: 生成文件的filename
:param description: 生成文件的注释
:return:
"""
if filename:
self.filename = filename if filename.endswith('.html') else filename + '.html'
if description:
self.title = description
self.log_path = os.path.abspath(log_path)
self.suites.run(result=self)
self.stopTestRun(self.title)
self.output_report()
text = '\n测试已全部完成, 可前往{}查询测试报告'.format(self.log_path)
print(text)
def output_report(self):
"""
生成测试报告到指定路径下
:return:
"""
template_path = self.config_tmp_path
override_path = os.path.abspath(self.log_path) if \
os.path.abspath(self.log_path).endswith('/') else \
os.path.abspath(self.log_path) + '/'
with open(template_path, 'rb') as file:
body = file.readlines()
with open(override_path + self.filename, 'wb') as write_file:
for item in body:
if item.strip().startswith(b'var resultData'):
head = ' var resultData = '
item = item.decode().split(head)
item[1] = head + json.dumps(self.FIELDS, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
item = ''.join(item).encode()
item = bytes(item) + b';\n'
write_file.write(item)
@staticmethod
def img2base(img_path: str, file_name: str) -> str:
"""
接受传递进函数的filename 并找到文件转换为base64格式
:param img_path: 通过文件名及默认路径找到的img绝对路径
:param file_name: 用户在装饰器中传递进来的问价匿名
:return:
"""
pattern = '/' if platform != 'Windows' else '\\'
with open(img_path + pattern + file_name, 'rb') as file:
data = file.read()
return base64.b64encode(data).decode()
def add_test_img(*pargs):
"""
接受若干个图片元素, 并展示在测试报告中
:param pargs:
:return:
"""
def _wrap(func):
@wraps(func)
def __wrap(*args, **kwargs):
img_path = os.path.abspath('{}'.format(BeautifulReport.img_path))
try:
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
if 'save_img' in dir(args[0]):
save_img = getattr(args[0], 'save_img')
save_img(func.__name__)
data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, pargs[0] + '.png')
print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
sys.exit(0)
print('
')
if len(pargs) > 1:
for parg in pargs:
print(parg + ':')
data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, parg + '.png')
print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
return result
if not os.path.exists(img_path + pargs[0] + '.png'):
return result
data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, pargs[0] + '.png')
print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
return result
return __wrap
return _wrap
- 测试报告
八大元素定位法
- find_element_by_id()
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_name()
driver.find_element_by_name('wd').send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_class_name()
driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt').send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_tag_name()
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('input').send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_link_text()
driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click()
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_partial_link_text()
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('闻').click()
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_xpath()
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='kw']").send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
- find_element_by_css_selector()
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw').send_keys('selenium')
sleep(5)
driver.quit()
杂七杂八
- 启动浏览器并加载页面
driver = webdriver.chrome()
driver.get("http:")
- 窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()
- 可用selenium录制脚本，生成python文件再手动写*****
