C#使用异步方式调用同步方法

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/2e08f6yc.aspx

异步调用完成时执行回调方法

如果启动异步调用的线程不是需要处理结果的线程，则可以在调用完成时执行回调方法。 回调方法在 ThreadPool 线程上执行。

若要使用回调方法，必须将表示回调方法的 AsyncCallback 委托传递给 BeginInvoke。 也可以传递包含回调方法要使用的信息的对象。 在回调方法中，可以将 IAsyncResult（回调方法的唯一参数）强制转换为 AsyncResult 对象。 然后，可以使用 AsyncResult.AsyncDelegate 属性获取已用于启动调用的委托，以便可以调用 EndInvoke。

有关示例的说明：

• TestMethod 的 threadId 参数为 out 参数（在 Visual Basic 中为 <Out> ByRef），因此 TestMethod 从不使用该参数的输入值。 会将一个虚拟变量传递给 BeginInvoke 调用。 如果 threadId 参数为 ref 参数（在 Visual Basic 中为 ByRef），则该变量必须为类级别字段，这样才能同时传递给BeginInvoke 和 EndInvoke。

• 传递给 BeginInvoke 的状态信息是一个格式字符串，回调方法使用该字符串来设置输出消息的格式。 因为作为类型 Object 进行传递，所以状态信息必须强制转换为正确的类型才能被使用。

• 回调在 ThreadPool 线程上执行。 ThreadPool 线程是后台线程，这些线程不会在主线程结束后保持应用程序的运行，因此示例的主线程必须休眠足够长的时间以便回调完成。

  
  

  using System;
  
  using System.Threading;
  
  using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
  
  
  
  namespace Examples.AdvancedProgramming.AsynchronousOperations
  
  {
  
      public class AsyncMain 
  
      {
  
          static void Main() 
  
          {
  
              // Create an instance of the test class.
  
              AsyncDemo ad = new AsyncDemo();
  
  
  
              // Create the delegate.
  
              AsyncMethodCaller caller = new AsyncMethodCaller(ad.TestMethod);
  
  
  
              // The threadId parameter of TestMethod is an out parameter, so
  
              // its input value is never used by TestMethod. Therefore, a dummy
  
              // variable can be passed to the BeginInvoke call. If the threadId
  
              // parameter were a ref parameter, it would have to be a class-
  
              // level field so that it could be passed to both BeginInvoke and 
  
              // EndInvoke.
  
              int dummy = 0;
  
  
  
              // Initiate the asynchronous call, passing three seconds (3000 ms)
  
              // for the callDuration parameter of TestMethod; a dummy variable 
  
              // for the out parameter (threadId); the callback delegate; and
  
              // state information that can be retrieved by the callback method.
  
              // In this case, the state information is a string that can be used
  
              // to format a console message.
  
              IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(3000,
  
                  out dummy, 
  
                  new AsyncCallback(CallbackMethod),
  
                  "The call executed on thread {0}, with return value \"{1}\".");
  
  
  
              Console.WriteLine("The main thread {0} continues to execute...", 
  
                  Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
  
  
  
              // The callback is made on a ThreadPool thread. ThreadPool threads
  
              // are background threads, which do not keep the application running
  
              // if the main thread ends. Comment out the next line to demonstrate
  
              // this.
  
              Thread.Sleep(4000);
  
  
  
              Console.WriteLine("The main thread ends.");
  
          }
  
  
  
          // The callback method must have the same signature as the
  
          // AsyncCallback delegate.
  
          static void CallbackMethod(IAsyncResult ar) 
  
          {
  
              // Retrieve the delegate.
  
              AsyncResult result = (AsyncResult) ar;
  
              AsyncMethodCaller caller = (AsyncMethodCaller) result.AsyncDelegate;
  
  
  
              // Retrieve the format string that was passed as state 
  
              // information.
  
              string formatString = (string) ar.AsyncState;
  
  
  
              // Define a variable to receive the value of the out parameter.
  
              // If the parameter were ref rather than out then it would have to
  
              // be a class-level field so it could also be passed to BeginInvoke.
  
              int threadId = 0;
  
  
  
              // Call EndInvoke to retrieve the results.
  
              string returnValue = caller.EndInvoke(out threadId, ar);
  
  
  
              // Use the format string to format the output message.
  
              Console.WriteLine(formatString, threadId, returnValue);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  }
  
  
  
  /* This example produces output similar to the following:
  
  
  
  The main thread 1 continues to execute...
  
  Test method begins.
  
  The call executed on thread 3, with return value "My call time was 3000.".
  
  The main thread ends.
  
   */