mysql 集群 qps_MySQL8.0--------高达300万QPS泰坦实践

背景

MySQL 8.0 正式版 8.0.11 已发布,官方表示 MySQL 8 要比 MySQL 5.7 快 2 倍,还带来了大量的改进和更快的性能!

升级至MySQL8.0

从 MySQL 5.7 升级到 MySQL 8.0 仅支持通过使用 in-place 方式进行升级,并且不支持从 MySQL 8.0 降级到 MySQL 5.7(或从某个 MySQL 8.0 版本降级到任意一个更早的 MySQL 8.0 版本)。唯一受支持的替代方案是在升级之前对数据进行备份。

新特性与改进

性能:

MySQL 8.0 的速度要比 MySQL 5.7 快 2 倍。MySQL 8.0 在以下方面带来了更好的性能:读/写工作负载、IO 密集型工作负载、以及高竞争("hot spot"热点竞争问题)工作负载。

NoSQL

MySQL 从 5.7 版本开始提供 NoSQL 存储功能,目前在 8.0 版本中这部分功能也得到了更大的改进。该项功能消除了对独立的 NoSQL 文档数据库的需求,而 MySQL 文档存储也为 schema-less 模式的 JSON 文档提供了多文档事务支持和完整的 ACID 合规性。

窗口函数(Window Functions)

从 MySQL 8.0 开始,新增了一个叫窗口函数的概念,它可以用来实现若干新的查询方式。窗口函数与 SUM()、COUNT() 这种集合函数类似,但它不会将多行查询结果合并为一行,而是将结果放回多行当中。即窗口函数不需要 GROUP BY

隐藏索引

在 MySQL 8.0 中,索引可以被“隐藏”和“显示”。当对索引进行隐藏时,它不会被查询优化器所使用。我们可以使用这个特性用于性能调试,例如我们先隐藏一个索引,然后观察其对数据库的影响。如果数据库性能有所下降,说明这个索引是有用的,然后将其“恢复显示”即可;如果数据库性能看不出变化,说明这个索引是多余的,可以考虑删掉。

降序索引

MySQL 8.0 为索引提供按降序方式进行排序的支持,在这种索引中的值也会按降序的方式进行排序。

通用表表达式(Common Table Expressions CTE)

在复杂的查询中使用嵌入式表时,使用 CTE 使得查询语句更清晰。

UTF-8 编码

从 MySQL 8 开始,使用 utf8mb4 作为 MySQL 的默认字符集。

JSON

MySQL 8 大幅改进了对 JSON 的支持,添加了基于路径查询参数从 JSON 字段中抽取数据的 JSON_EXTRACT() 函数,以及用于将数据分别组合到 JSON 数组和对象中的 JSON_ARRAYAGG() 和 JSON_OBJECTAGG() 聚合函数。

可靠性

InnoDB 现在支持表 DDL 的原子性,也就是 InnoDB 表上的 DDL 也可以实现事务完整性,要么失败回滚,要么成功提交,不至于出现 DDL 时部分成功的问题,此外还支持 crash-safe 特性,元数据存储在单个事务数据字典中。

高可用性(High Availability)

InnoDB 集群为您的数据库提供集成的原生 HA 解决方案。

安全性

对 OpenSSL 的改进、新的默认身份验证、SQL 角色、密码强度、授权。

下载地址

安装实践

环境

[root@sea_bj_master ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

[root@sea_bj_master ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-514.21.1.el7.x86_64

下载

[root@sea_bj_master ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@sea_bj_master src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

--2018-06-05 00:19:12-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

创建mysql用户名与用户组

[root@sea_bj_master src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -c 'mysql application run user' mysql

解压MySQL压缩包,并将解压包移动至/usr/local目录下

[root@sea_bj_master src]# tar xf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

[root@sea_bj_master src]# ll mysql-*8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar*

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 654131200 Apr 8 14:30 mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 603019898 Apr 8 16:29 mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 51099557 Apr 8 16:27 mysql-test-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@sea_bj_master src]# tar xf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@sea_bj_master src]# mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/ -v

‘mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64’

创建软连接, 方便今后升级本体程序不影响配置文件

[root@sea_bj_master src]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql -v

‘/usr/local/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64’

创建MySQL数据导入/导出数据专放目录文件夹, 修改权限

[root@sea_bj_master src]# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files’

创建数据文件夹

[root@sea_bj_master src]# mkdir /application/mysql/data -v

mkdir: created directory ‘/application/mysql/data’

修改MySQL目录所有者和所有组

[root@sea_bj_master src]# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

修改 MySQL 数据目录与 数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组

[root@sea_bj_master src]# chown mysql.mysql -R /application/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files -v

ownership of ‘/application/mysql/data’ retained as mysql:mysql

ownership of ‘/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files’ retained as mysql:mysql

重命名不使用系统自带 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf [ debian类系统在 /etc/mysql/my.cnf ]

[root@sea_bj_master src]# mv /etc/my.cnf{,.old} -v

mv: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf.old’? y

‘/etc/my.cnf’ -> ‘/etc/my.cnf.old’

初始化

[root@sea_bj_master src]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

2018-06-04T16:32:33.389541Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 681

2018-06-04T16:32:39.406682Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: mD4Tbl#0d8:W

2018-06-04T16:32:42.307915Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server has completed

启动ssl连接(可选)

[root@sea_bj_master src]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

创建启动脚本[systemd]

[root@sea_bj_master src]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

#

# Simple MySQL systemd service file

#

# systemd supports lots of fancy features, look here (and linked docs) for a full list:

# http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html

#

# Note: this file ( /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service )

# will be overwritten on package upgrade, please copy the file to

#

# /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

#

# to make needed changes.

#

# systemd-delta can be used to check differences between the two mysql.service files.

#

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Community Server

After=network.target

After=syslog.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

Alias=mysql.service

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

# Execute pre and post scripts as root

PermissionsStartOnly=true

# Needed to create system tables etc.

#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start pre

# Start main service

ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

# Don't signal startup success before a ping works

#ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start post

# Give up if ping don't get an answer

TimeoutSec=600

Restart=always

PrivateTmp=false

systemd加载启动配置文件

[root@sea_bj_master src]# systemctl daemon-reload

创建MySQL配置文件my.cnf, 指定数据目录

[root@sea_bj_master src]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

user = mysql

bind_address = 0.0.0.0

character_set_server=utf8mb4

skip_name_resolve = 1

max_connections = 800

max_connect_errors = 1000

datadir = /application/mysql/data

启动MySQL服务

[root@sea_bj_master src]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@sea_bj_master src]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Community Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-06-05 00:42:23 CST; 5s ago

Main PID: 2273 (mysqld_safe)

CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

├─2273 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

└─2424 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --plugin...

Jun 05 00:42:23 sea_bj_master systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.

Jun 05 00:42:23 sea_bj_master systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...

Jun 05 00:42:23 sea_bj_master mysqld_safe[2273]: 2018-06-04T16:42:23.125697Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/applicati...rr'.

Jun 05 00:42:23 sea_bj_master mysqld_safe[2273]: 2018-06-04T16:42:23.144258Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon...data

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

连接MySQL服务并修改初始密码

[root@sea_bj_master src]# mysql -p'mD4Tbl#0d8:W'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 8.0.11

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> \s

--------------

mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id: 8

Current database:

Current user: root@localhost

SSL: Not in use

Current pager: stdout

Using outfile: ''

Using delimiter: ;

Server version: 8.0.11

Protocol version: 10

Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset: utf8mb4

Db characterset: utf8mb4

Client characterset: utf8mb4

Conn. characterset: utf8mb4

UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock

Uptime: 1 min 0 sec

Threads: 2 Questions: 7 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 238 Flush tables: 2 Open tables: 73 Queries per second avg: 0.116

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