简单练习用django写api

---

• 创建项目

django-admin startproject myapisite

• 创建app

python3 manage.py startapp blogapi

• 运行服务

python manage.py runserver

• 在settings.py中INSTALLED_APPS里设置时区：

改为Asia/Shanghai
# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

• 在settings.py中INSTALLED_APPS里添加：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'blogapi',
]

• 为app添加url等配置

1. blogapi下新建url.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'blogapi'
urlpatterns = [
    # /blogapi/
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

2. blogapi下views.py添加index方法

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello blogapi')

3. 配置项目的urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('blogapi/', include('blogapi.urls'))
]

• 配置数据库连接

1. 项目settings.py中修改DATABASES

DATABASES = {
    # 'default': {
    #     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #     'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    # }
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'python_learn',
        'USER': 'root',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PASSWORD': 'yuanzhiying',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
    }
}

2. 可以使用命令为数据库自动生成model

首先确保已安装PyMySQL和mysqlclient
命令行执行：

python3 manage.py inspectdb

结果：

# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
#   * Rearrange models' order
#   * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
#   * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
#   * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:170: Warning: (3719, "'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.")
  result = self._query(query)


class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    info = models.CharField(max_length=1500, blank=True, null=True)
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
    articledate = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'article'

• 创建model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    info = models.CharField(max_length=1500, blank=True, null=True)
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
    articledate = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'article'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title + self.author

• 命令创建数据库（暂时先使用默认的sqlite3）

1. 通过运行 makemigrations 命令，Django 会检测你对模型文件的修改（在这种情况下，你已经取得了新的），并且把修改的部分储存为一次 迁移。

操作全部的model
python3 manage.py makemigrations
或者 操作单一model
python3 manage.py makemigrations blogapi

2. 运行 migrate命令，在数据库里创建新定义的模型的数据表

python3 manage.py migrate