java实现RSA与AES混合加密

之前写过一篇在python中实现RSA和AES混合加密的文章，这次用java来实现

什么是RSA加密？

这是一种非对称加密算法，密钥分为公钥和私钥。通常私钥长度有512bit，1024bit，2048bit，4096bit，长度越长，越安全，但是生成密钥越慢，加解密也越耗时。一般公钥用来加密数据，私钥用来解密数据，并且为防止有人冒充发送密文，私钥又可以负责签名，公钥负责验证。公钥可以分发给其他系统，但是私钥一般保存在唯一的系统中。

什么是AES加密？

这是一种对称加密算法，加密和解密公用同一密钥。密钥最长只有256个bit，执行速度快，易于硬件实现。通常发送方使用密钥加密数据后会使用口令对密钥进行加密，然后把密文和加密后的密钥一同发送给接收方，接收方接收到数据后首先使用口令对密钥进行解密，在使用密钥对密文进行解密。

以上两种加密方式都有各自的特点，在互联网领域有着广泛的应用，我们需要根据不同的场景使用不同的加密解密方案。
一般需要加密传输的时候存在以下两种场景：

客户端发送加密数据，服务端解密后返回明文：

例如用户在客户端提交个人信息时，客户端把个人信息加密后发送给服务端，服务端再返回code或者提交成功的提示

客户端发送加密数据，服务端解密后同样返回密文

例如用户登录时，客户端发送加密后的账号密码，服务端解密后生成对应的token，并且对token进行加密，客户端收到返回的token再对其进行解密

如何生成RSA公钥和私钥可以参考我的另一篇文章
RSA公钥和私钥的生成以及PKCS#1与PKCE#8格式的转换
下面直接贴代码

java实现RSA加密

Config类

**
 * @author Taoyimin
 * @create 2019 05 07 20:39
 */
public class Config {
    public static final String AES_ALGORITHM = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding";
    //必须是PKCS8格式
    public static final String CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY = "MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAO/8ucCgOTJ7DCPC" +
            "rCCL1VKDnUX61QnxwbAvpGp1/lletEIcjUouM7F0VvMHzViNLvpw7N7NBHPa+5gO" +
            "js68t9hKMUh+a6RTE34SWIqSDRPCzDKVWugsFb04o3vRl3rZ1z6B+QDdW7xwOhEr" +
            "PPoEqmjjIOjQPcU6xs0SPzSimOa1AgMBAAECgYAO5m0OBaSnerZNPhf7yVLMVbmd" +
            "D67MeEMjUkHuDjdlixi8BhPLqESzXtrLKg/Y0KM7D2nVh3sgSldWoIjDUzpCx8Z2" +
            "yHLU1K2wakMdBgEF3xeJPxxZRpP+earl0SyLTA4hMxl48uAjn/mkPgzoMgQkqyQz" +
            "5HOWjjsCLJFyEvqmoQJBAP5cBk0KXpHnCMgOupbi/pXDyaF1o+dCE97GaEdrV/0P" +
            "uwDfYDYfY3wzd1QM7C4b4MmE+SNVpC0W9PyaMONJlN0CQQDxiPiGdwX9actMNJea" +
            "JZ+k3BjCN+mM6Px7j/mtYcXWNZkyCXSXUBI62drZ0htenrh2qwichMlMgNJClvG6" +
            "Gu+5AkEA30R7q2gstrkrNh/nnMZHXcJr3DPc2QNhWayin/4TT+hc51krpJZMxxqN" +
            "5dMqBRcnavwzi9aCs6lxBcF6pCdUaQJANhd7uPls4PzRZ6abkQz9/LjB3rUQ29rN" +
            "uIpc2yR7XuawAVG2x7BJ9N4XMhLoyD75hrH1AsCGKFjtPbZ6OjiQGQJAF2DbIodC" +
            "uYb6eMZ8ux1Ab0wBEWWc5+iGgEVBNh22uZ/klE1/C0+KKzZhqgzaA/vPapq6dhuJ" +
            "sNXlJia10PwYrQ==";

    public static final String CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDv/LnAoDkyewwjwqwgi9VSg51F" +
            "+tUJ8cGwL6Rqdf5ZXrRCHI1KLjOxdFbzB81YjS76cOzezQRz2vuYDo7OvLfYSjFI" +
            "fmukUxN+EliKkg0TwswylVroLBW9OKN70Zd62dc+gfkA3Vu8cDoRKzz6BKpo4yDo" +
            "0D3FOsbNEj80opjmtQIDAQAB";

    public static final String SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY = "MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAPGkxlAJPKR3BRxT\n" +
            "PIeB3pDv117j8XbpuEik5UIOlY3GUtAV1sad5NNDUAnP/DB80yAQ8ycm9Xdkutuo" +
            "f25Xlb7w0bRQNpfJlijx9eF8PsB6t63r8KAfWJlqbNHgN8AMK9P5XzVyN4YiEnUl" +
            "Jh/EYiwLiYzflNnmnnfRrI4nUo8fAgMBAAECgYEAvwTxm81heeV4Tcbi33/jUBG4" +
            "4BMzCzyA6DQp4wkiYju3tTS+Xq3seLEKcWdPxYi3YO7lODsM6j/fksrlSXXFMe1i" +
            "ZAF3FNuDVZPz2zdFYS8vh6kdlDHMJAUnU/POMMWJ880MQDtkwTuzH8Tao8OKcAP4" +
            "kc0QuG00wOrmuE+5gZECQQD9bqZkJsN+tj3+pxs57azy6B6gOqgm54/ujB+u63XU" +
            "rO9Sf57asgF4OfUFltaVhjlUMSrWcgp6f4HSy7hBSKJpAkEA9BeML5iDIHOgTIws" +
            "+ID55ELbzO7A/YtcYnUU09mkKCdonMXbXke+EhLApf5vX9ZmreoEfJCdsTnMEcQi" +
            "fkjkRwJBALpf2TXl2/cfhs/zjG45f+rTEVK8UFTsDklb+yDkQC87TnTZLbWfGr2T" +
            "wcFugDhOEXL9BYfXLiWQB6VB9Crug6ECQGEmTiFTbj0oSBCvaeauTsdO5PS3whAn" +
            "u2lkeBmpcfCZXsWm6hyoKTpARHTMw789Mjjd/1Mkq96xxkr76U6h7FkCQHRc2elg" +
            "Dh84wqHIptwa+moosVvd7aSzktuOB4CQRO10qKkSHVFuI+sl47A4KGzH/nX9ydUm" +
            "tpsTnQAlXwBczd4=";

    public static final String SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDxpMZQCTykdwUcUzyHgd6Q79de" +
            "4/F26bhIpOVCDpWNxlLQFdbGneTTQ1AJz/wwfNMgEPMnJvV3ZLrbqH9uV5W+8NG0" +
            "UDaXyZYo8fXhfD7Aeret6/CgH1iZamzR4DfADCvT+V81cjeGIhJ1JSYfxGIsC4mM" +
            "35TZ5p530ayOJ1KPHwIDAQAB";
}

RSACipher类

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.OAEPParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PSource;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.MGF1ParameterSpec;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

/**
 * @author Taoyimin
 * @create 2019 05 07 20:25
 */
public class RSACipher {
    /**
     * 加密方法
     *
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @param raw       待加密明文
     * @return 加密后的密文
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encrypt(String publicKey, byte[] raw) throws Exception {
        Key key = getPublicKey(publicKey);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(Config.RSA_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, new OAEPParameterSpec("SHA-256", "MGF1", MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA256, PSource.PSpecified.DEFAULT));
        byte[] b1 = cipher.doFinal(raw);
        return Base64.encodeBase64(b1);
    }

    /**
     * 解密方法
     *
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @param enc        待解密密文
     * @return 解密后的明文
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decrypt(String privateKey, byte[] enc) throws Exception {
        Key key = getPrivateKey(privateKey);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(Config.RSA_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new OAEPParameterSpec("SHA-256", "MGF1", MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA256, PSource.PSpecified.DEFAULT));
        return cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(enc));
    }

    /**
     * 获取公钥
     *
     * @param key 密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @return 公钥
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String key) throws Exception {
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(key.getBytes()));
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        return publicKey;
    }

    /**
     * 获取私钥
     *
     * @param key 密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @return 私钥
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String key) throws Exception {
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(key.getBytes()));
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        return privateKey;
    }

    /**
     * 签名
     *
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @param content    要进行签名的内容
     * @return 签名
     */
    public static String sign(String privateKey, byte[] content) {
        try {
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec priPKCS8 = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey.getBytes()));
            KeyFactory keyf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            PrivateKey priKey = keyf.generatePrivate(priPKCS8);
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256WithRSA");
            signature.initSign(priKey);
            signature.update(content);
            byte[] signed = signature.sign();
            return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signed));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 验签
     *
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @param content   要验签的内容
     * @param sign      签名
     * @return 验签结果
     */
    public static boolean checkSign(String publicKey, byte[] content, String sign) {
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            byte[] encodedKey = Base64.decode2(publicKey);
            PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(encodedKey));
            java.security.Signature signature = java.security.Signature.getInstance("SHA256WithRSA");
            signature.initVerify(pubKey);
            signature.update(content);
            return signature.verify(Base64.decode2(sign));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //客户端代码
        String text = "hello";
        //使用服务端公钥加密
        byte[] encryptText = RSACipher.encrypt(Config.SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY, text.getBytes());
        System.out.println("加密后:\n" + new String(encryptText));
        //使用客户端私钥签名
        String signature = RSACipher.sign(Config.CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY, encryptText);
        System.out.println("签名:\n" + signature);

        //服务端代码
        //使用客户端公钥验签
        boolean result = RSACipher.checkSign(Config.CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY, encryptText, signature);
        System.out.println("验签:\n" + result);
        //使用服务端私钥解密
        byte[] decryptText = RSACipher.decrypt(Config.SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY, encryptText);
        System.out.println("解密后:\n" + new String(decryptText));
    }
}

运行结果：

加密后:
y5u+c89sm1UZ2VrFwpcRKceQkdL1+N8QmqOiRR/lRvQpYx7a2DQqi962IAgG4wUO4EppetGPCZt+gzNakKnLPE3qCCf3gYd0iT81+Q/9QMSF6MBGEV/eB30VFlgYllpy/VRuwCZBWzZNEjTo/2vi/ntXEuSz02Qp34TpHAbUdww=
签名:
kJviixPG3l7hmpPoKg7WXveks2A7hFe1NbcQT0UrdA8cmElzKxqBw6PjnBy3KxSpwx9ilh1W4+aGtiar08WnlRAYBSkGEx7VsoeTNaVDIT09pJcV3qokeO7WQEw29s6HrH1ebPLbfIKkn0jX1XTr7cHIMXxVuOBGOnDf0FhmK7M=
验签:
true
解密后:
hello

java实现AES加密

AESCipher类

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

/**
 * @author Taoyimin
 * @create 2019 05 07 12:31
 */
public class AESCipher {

    /**
     * 加密方法，使用key充当向量iv，增加加密算法的强度
     *
     * @param key 密钥
     * @param raw 需要加密的内容
     * @return
     */
    public static String encrypt(byte[] key, String raw) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
        byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
        SecretKeySpec seckey = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(Config.AES_ALGORITHM);
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(key);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, seckey, iv);
        byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(raw.getBytes());
        Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
        return encoder.encodeToString(result);
    }

    /**
     * 解密方法，使用key充当向量iv，增加加密算法的强度
     *
     * @param key 密钥
     * @param enc 待解密内容
     * @return
     */
    public static String decrypt(byte[] key, String enc) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
        byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
        SecretKeySpec seckey = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(Config.AES_ALGORITHM);
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(key);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, seckey, iv);
        Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
        byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(decoder.decode(enc));
        return new String(result);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //客户端代码
        String text = "hello";
        //随机生成16位aes密钥
        byte[] aesKey = SecureRandomUtil.getRandom(16).getBytes();
        String encryptText = AESCipher.encrypt(aesKey, text);
        System.out.println("加密后:\n" + encryptText);
        String decryptText = AESCipher.decrypt(aesKey, encryptText);
        System.out.println("解密后:\n" + decryptText);
    }
}

运行结果：

加密后:
J85vumF+sEJjMDtxgQ41rA==
解密后:
hello

RSA+AES混合加密：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //客户端代码
        String text = "hello server!";

        //随机生成16位aes密钥
        byte[] aesKey = SecureRandomUtil.getRandom(16).getBytes();
        System.out.println("生成的aes密钥:\n" + new String(aesKey));

        //使用aes密钥对数据进行加密
        String encryptText = AESCipher.encrypt(aesKey, text);
        System.out.println("经过aes加密后的数据:\n" + encryptText);

        //使用客户端私钥对aes密钥签名
        String signature = RSACipher.sign(Config.CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY, aesKey);
        System.out.println("签名:\n" + signature);

        //使用服务端公钥加密aes密钥
        byte[] encryptKey = RSACipher.encrypt(Config.SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY, aesKey);
        System.out.println("加密后的aes密钥:\n" + new String(encryptKey));

        //客户端发送密文、签名和加密后的aes密钥
        System.out.println("\n************************分割线************************\n");
        //接收到客户端发送过来的signature encrypt_key encrypt_text

        //服务端代码
        //使用服务端私钥对加密后的aes密钥解密
        byte[] aesKey1 = RSACipher.decrypt(Config.SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY, encryptKey);
        System.out.println("解密后的aes密钥:\n" + new String(aesKey1));

        //使用客户端公钥验签
        Boolean result = RSACipher.checkSign(Config.CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY, aesKey1, signature);
        System.out.println("验签结果:\n" + result);

        //使用aes私钥解密密文
        String decryptText = AESCipher.decrypt(aesKey1, encryptText);
        System.out.println("经过aes解密后的数据:\n" + decryptText);
    }
}

运行结果：

生成的aes密钥:
95Gnm1leO485A7iZ
经过aes加密后的数据:
Mesvxp102Fv1khfBebqXxQ==
签名:
EzLFRvY3cFFiRocio+vx0g4l3eZO6wWaoZ+lnI949ETn6xlQ+nDLZ7njSHbjvWCnWai9hFAM99AWHDRvw92jNv9R8T3JHnJ/wFAKvHYryFh0BMuHSeB3yefdqwzRQpbwp+Z/6HL6OA9s9bLw8CKhq3rQCsVKAKiDxTUDqwZ6P3E=
加密后的aes密钥:
PtGl6PaJE5ZQIRx62WUn+Ak6iLMBVGbVq+a5ANDHnu6V3EGpT40BF7PBEDsBrebd92kAI1T2Pihts+77N4Zz6LQ8gpQnL1sAao0mz84/ZGvEUgjdK8x75+NLY61VFAEx3eKtjWjLPyqdgahMxJtByRhEw/PGJ5VgEJgNODhts+8=

************************分割线************************

解密后的aes密钥:
95Gnm1leO485A7iZ
验签结果:
true
经过aes解密后的数据:
hello server!

最后附上python版本文章和相关源码源码：
python实现RSA与AES混合加密
python，java跨语言RSA+AES混合加密解密以及踩过的那些坑
https://github.com/taoyimin/rsa-aes-python
https://github.com/taoyimin/rsa-aes-java