1、问题描述
这里有两台主机，其中
192.168.1.4上安装的是Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya系统。主机名是qwfys，用户名是lwk。
192.168.1.25上安装的是Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LT系统。主机名是ubuntu，用户名是lwk。
当在192.168.1.25上输入命令apt的时候这样的：
lwk@ubuntu:~$ ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:5e:65:ca brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.25/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe5e:65ca/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
lwk@ubuntu:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
lwk@ubuntu:~$ apt
apt 1.2.24 (amd64)
Usage: apt [options] command
apt is a commandline package manager and provides commands for
searching and managing as well as querying information about packages.
It provides the same functionality as the specialized APT tools,
like apt-get and apt-cache, but enables options more suitable for
interactive use by default.
Most used commands:
list - list packages based on package names
search - search in package descriptions
show - show package details
install - install packages
remove - remove packages
autoremove - Remove automatically all unused packages
update - update list of available packages
upgrade - upgrade the system by installing/upgrading packages
full-upgrade - upgrade the system by removing/installing/upgrading packages
edit-sources - edit the source information file
See apt(8) for more information about the available commands.
Configuration options and syntax is detailed in apt.conf(5).
Information about how to configure sources can be found in sources.list(5).
Package and version choices can be expressed via apt_preferences(5).
Security details are available in apt-secure(8).
This APT has Super Cow Powers.
lwk@ubuntu:~$
当在192.168.1.4上输入命令apt的时候却是这样的：
lwk@qwfys ~ $ ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: wlp2s0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 9c:b6:d0:dd:fc:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.4/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic wlp2s0
valid_lft 246699sec preferred_lft 246699sec
inet6 fe80::a0fd:f518:e91a:dde0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
lwk@qwfys ~ $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: LinuxMint
Description: Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya
Release: 18.2
Codename: sonya
lwk@qwfys ~ $ apt
apt
Usage: apt command [options]
apt help command [options]
Commands:
add-repository - Add entries to apt sources.list
autoclean - Erase old downloaded archive files
autoremove - Remove automatically all unused packages
build - Build binary or source packages from sources
build-dep - Configure build-dependencies for source packages
changelog - View a package's changelog
check - Verify that there are no broken dependencies
clean - Erase downloaded archive files
contains - List packages containing a file
content - List files contained in a package
deb - Install a .deb package
depends - Show raw dependency information for a package
dist-upgrade - Upgrade the system by removing/installing/upgrading packages
download - Download the .deb file for a package
edit-sources - Edit /etc/apt/sources.list with your preferred text editor
dselect-upgrade - Follow dselect selections
full-upgrade - Same as 'dist-upgrade'
held - List all held packages
help - Show help for a command
hold - Hold a package
install - Install/upgrade packages
list - List packages based on package names
policy - Show policy settings
purge - Remove packages and their configuration files
recommends - List missing recommended packages for a particular package
rdepends - Show reverse dependency information for a package
reinstall - Download and (possibly) reinstall a currently installed package
remove - Remove packages
search - Search for a package by name and/or expression
show - Display detailed information about a package
showhold - Same as 'held'
source - Download source archives
sources - Same as 'edit-sources'
unhold - Unhold a package
update - Download lists of new/upgradable packages
upgrade - Perform a safe upgrade
version - Show the installed version of a package
lwk@qwfys ~ $ apt help install
"apt install " is equivalent to "sudo /usr/bin/apt install "
lwk@qwfys ~ $ apt help add-repository
"apt add-repository " is equivalent to "sudo add-apt-repository "
lwk@qwfys ~ $ apt help purge
"apt purge " is equivalent to "sudo /usr/bin/apt purge "
lwk@qwfys ~ $
有没有一种办法让Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LT系统也拥有Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya那样的apt功能呢？
2、解决方案
让我我们先查找一下apt命令的出处吧。
在主机192.168.1.4上我们输入如下命令
lwk@qwfys ~ $ whereis apt
apt: /usr/bin/apt /usr/lib/apt /etc/apt /usr/local/bin/apt /usr/share/man/man8/apt.8.gz
lwk@qwfys ~ $
在主机192.168.1.4上我们输入如下命令
lwk@ubuntu:~$ whereis apt
apt: /usr/bin/apt /usr/lib/apt /etc/apt /usr/share/man/man8/apt.8.gz
lwk@ubuntu:~$
通过对比，我们发现Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya系统中的目录/usr/local/bin/下面多了一个apt文件。那么我们假定将Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya系统中的文件/usr/local/bin/apt复制一份放到Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LT系统中的目录/usr/local/bin/下，会不会有效果呢，我们不防试一下。
在主机192.168.1.25上我们输入如下命令
lwk@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 23 00:06 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 10 11:20 ../
-rw------- 1 lwk lwk 3479 Nov 23 00:03 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 220 Nov 10 11:20 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 3771 Nov 10 11:20 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:30 .cache/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 655 Nov 10 11:20 .profile
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:42 .ssh/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 0 Nov 10 11:38 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 root root 3433 Nov 23 00:00 .viminfo
lwk@ubuntu:~$
确认主机192.168.1.25用户lwk主目录下没有apt文件。
这时，在主机192.168.1.4上我们输入如下命令
lwk@qwfys ~ $ scp /usr/local/bin/apt [email protected]:~/
apt 100% 6329 6.2KB/s 00:00
lwk@qwfys ~ $
切换到主机192.168.1.25上输入如下命令
lwk@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 23 00:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 10 11:20 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 lwk lwk 6329 Nov 23 00:48 apt*
-rw------- 1 lwk lwk 3479 Nov 23 00:03 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 220 Nov 10 11:20 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 3771 Nov 10 11:20 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:30 .cache/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 655 Nov 10 11:20 .profile
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:42 .ssh/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 0 Nov 10 11:38 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 root root 3433 Nov 23 00:00 .viminfo
lwk@ubuntu:~$
这时候我们发现apt文件的归属不对，这里改一下，然后将其扔到/usr/local/bin/，然后查看有没有生效。
lwk@ubuntu:~$ sudo chown root:root apt
[sudo] password for lwk:
lwk@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 23 00:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 10 11:20 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6329 Nov 23 00:48 apt*
-rw------- 1 lwk lwk 3479 Nov 23 00:03 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 220 Nov 10 11:20 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 3771 Nov 10 11:20 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:30 .cache/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 655 Nov 10 11:20 .profile
drwx------ 2 lwk lwk 4096 Nov 10 11:42 .ssh/
-rw-r--r-- 1 lwk lwk 0 Nov 10 11:38 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 root root 3433 Nov 23 00:00 .viminfo
lwk@ubuntu:~$ sudo mv apt /usr/local/bin/
lwk@ubuntu:~$ apt
apt
Usage: apt command [options]
apt help command [options]
Commands:
add-repository - Add entries to apt sources.list
autoclean - Erase old downloaded archive files
autoremove - Remove automatically all unused packages
build - Build binary or source packages from sources
build-dep - Configure build-dependencies for source packages
changelog - View a package's changelog
check - Verify that there are no broken dependencies
clean - Erase downloaded archive files
contains - List packages containing a file
content - List files contained in a package
deb - Install a .deb package
depends - Show raw dependency information for a package
dist-upgrade - Upgrade the system by removing/installing/upgrading packages
download - Download the .deb file for a package
edit-sources - Edit /etc/apt/sources.list with your preferred text editor
dselect-upgrade - Follow dselect selections
full-upgrade - Same as 'dist-upgrade'
held - List all held packages
help - Show help for a command
hold - Hold a package
install - Install/upgrade packages
list - List packages based on package names
policy - Show policy settings
purge - Remove packages and their configuration files
recommends - List missing recommended packages for a particular package
rdepends - Show reverse dependency information for a package
reinstall - Download and (possibly) reinstall a currently installed package
remove - Remove packages
search - Search for a package by name and/or expression
show - Display detailed information about a package
showhold - Same as 'held'
source - Download source archives
sources - Same as 'edit-sources'
unhold - Unhold a package
update - Download lists of new/upgradable packages
upgrade - Perform a safe upgrade
version - Show the installed version of a package
lwk@ubuntu:~$
至此，我们发现已经将Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya系统中的apt命令成功迁移到了Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LT系统。