前沿
一段生产事故发人深省,在Spring的声明式事务中手动捕获异常,居然判定回滚了,这是什么操作?话不多说直接上代码
@Service public class A { @Autowired private B b; @Autowired private C c; @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT) public void operate() { try { b.insertB(); c.insertC(); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } @Service public class B { @Autowired private BM bm; @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED) public int insertB() { return bm.insert("B"); } } @Service public class C { @Autowired private CM cm; @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED) public int insertC() { return cm.insert("C"); } }
问题阐述
好了大家都看到上面这段代码了,在正常的情况的我们会往B表和C表中各插入一条数据,那么当代码出现异常时又会怎么样呢?
我们现在假设B插入数据成功,但是C插入数据失败了,此时异常会上抛到A,被A中operate方法的try - cache所捕获,正常来说此时数据库中B能插入一条记录,而C表插入失败,这是我们期望的情况,但事实却不是,实际情况是B表没有插入数据,C表也没有插入数据,也就是说整个操作被Spring给回滚了
注意点
如果代码稍稍变动一下,将try - cache放在insertC的代码块中,在同样的场景下,B中会成功插入一条记录
知识点前置条件
了解Spring的传播机制的可以直接跳过
我们先要搞清楚Spring中的REQUIRED的作用
REQUIRED:如果当前没有事务就创建一个新的事务,如果当前已经存在事务就加入到当前事务
也就是说当我们的传播机制同时为REQUIRED时,A、B、C三者的事务是共用一个的,只有当A的流程全部走完时才会做一次commit或者rollback操作,不会在执行B或者C的过程中进行commit和rollback
问题追踪
好,有了一定的知识储备,我们一起来看源码
我们首先找到Spring事务的代理入口TransactionInterceptor, 当我们通过调用A类中的operate方法时会调用TransactionInterceptor的invoke方法,这是整个事务的入口,我们直接看重点invoke中的invokeWithinTransaction方法
//获取事务属性类 AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource(); //获取事务属性 final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null); //获取事务管理器 final TransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr); PlatformTransactionManager ptm = asPlatformTransactionManager(tm); //获取joinpoint final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr); //注解事务会走这里 if (txAttr == null || !(ptm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) { // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls. //开启事务 TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(ptm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification); Object retVal; try { // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain. // This will normally result in a target object being invoked. retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation(); } catch (Throwable ex) { // target invocation exception //事务回滚 completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex); throw ex; } finally { cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo); } if (retVal != null && vavrPresent && VavrDelegate.isVavrTry(retVal)) { // Set rollback-only in case of Vavr failure matching our rollback rules... TransactionStatus status = txInfo.getTransactionStatus(); if (status != null && txAttr != null) { retVal = VavrDelegate.evaluateTryFailure(retVal, txAttr, status); } } //事务提交 commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo); return retVal; }
不重要的代码我已经省略了,好我们来看这个流程,上面这段代码很明显反应出了,当我们程序执行过程中抛出了异常时会调用到completeTransactionAfterThrowing的回滚操作,如果没有发生异常最终会调用事务提交commitTransactionAfterReturning, 我们来分析一下
正常情况是C发生异常,并且执行到了completeTransactionAfterThrowing事务回滚,但是因为不是新创建的事务,而是加入的事务所以并不会触发回滚操作,而在A中捕获了该异常,并且最终走到commitTransactionAfterReturning事务提交,事实是这样的吗?
事实上就是这样的,那就奇怪了,我明明提交了,怎么反而回滚了,我们继续往下看
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException { // Use defaults if no transaction definition given. TransactionDefinition def = (definition != null ? definition : TransactionDefinition.withDefaults()); //重点看.. DataSourceTransactionObject拿到对象 Object transaction = doGetTransaction(); boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled(); //第一次进来connectionHolder为空的, 所以不存在事务 if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) { // Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave. //如果不是第一次进来, 则会走这个逻辑 return handleExistingTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled); } // Check definition settings for new transaction. if (def.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) { throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", def.getTimeout()); } // No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed. if (def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) { throw new IllegalTransactionStateException( "No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'"); } //第一次进来大部分会走这里(传播属性是 Required | Requested New | Nested) else if (def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED || def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW || def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) { //先挂起 SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null); if (debugEnabled) { logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + def.getName() + "]: " + def); } try { //开启事务 return startTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled, suspendedResources); } catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) { resume(null, suspendedResources); throw ex; } } else { // Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization. if (def.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " + "isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + def); } boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS); return prepareTransactionStatus(def, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null); } }
这段代码是开启事务的代码,我们来看,当我们A第一次走进来的时候,此时是没有事务的,所以isExistingTransaction方法不成立,往下走,因为我们的传播机制是REQUIRED,所以我们会走到startTransaction方法中
private TransactionStatus startTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled, @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources) { boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER); //创建一个新的事务状态, 注意这里的newTransaction 属性为true DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus( definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources); //开启事务 doBegin(transaction, definition); //开启事务后, 改变事务状态 prepareSynchronization(status, definition); return status; }
好这里我们只需要关注一个点那就是newTransactionStatus的第三个参数newTransaction,只有当我们新创建一个事务的时候才会为true,这个属性很重要,我们后续还会用到它
好了,到这里第一次的事务开启就已经完成了,然后我们会调用业务逻辑,当调用insertB时,又会走到getTransaction,我们继续来看它,此时isExistingTransaction就可以拿到值了,因为A已经帮我们创建好了事务,此时会调用到handleExistingTransaction方法
//如果第二次进来还是PROPAFGATION_REQUIRED, 走这里, newTransation为false return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
针对REQUIRED有用的代码就这一句,其他全部不用看,同样的我们看到第三个参数newTransaction,这里是false了,说明是加入了之前的事务,而不是自己新创建的,然后执行业务代码,最后走到commit,我们来看看commit中做了什么
//如果有回滚点 if (status.hasSavepoint()) { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint"); } unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly(); status.releaseHeldSavepoint(); } //如果是新事务, 则提交事务 else if (status.isNewTransaction()) { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit"); } unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly(); doCommit(status); } else if (isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) { unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly(); }
它什么事情都没有做,为什么?因为我们的newTransaction不为true,所以当我们的代码在operate方法全部执行完以后才会走到这里
好接下来我们来看insertC,前面的流程都一模一样,我们直接看到回滚代码
private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status, boolean unexpected) { try { boolean unexpectedRollback = unexpected; try { triggerBeforeCompletion(status); if (status.hasSavepoint()) { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint"); } status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint(); } else if (status.isNewTransaction()) { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback"); } doRollback(status); } else { // Participating in larger transaction if (status.hasTransaction()) { if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only"); } doSetRollbackOnly(status); } else { if (status.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - letting transaction originator decide on rollback"); } } } else { logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot - no transaction available"); } // Unexpected rollback only matters here if we're asked to fail early if (!isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) { unexpectedRollback = false; } } } catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN); throw ex; } triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK); // Raise UnexpectedRollbackException if we had a global rollback-only marker if (unexpectedRollback) { throw new UnexpectedRollbackException( "Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only"); } } finally { cleanupAfterCompletion(status); } }
我们的insertC方法同样它的newTransaction不是true,所以最终会走到doSetRollbackOnly,这个方法重中之重,最后会调用这样一段代码
public void setRollbackOnly() { this.rollbackOnly = true; }
然后我们就要执行到我们的关键代码A中的operate的提交代码了
public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException { if (status.isCompleted()) { throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction"); } DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status; if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) { if (defStatus.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback"); } processRollback(defStatus, false); return; } if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) { if (defStatus.isDebug()) { logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only but transactional code requested commit"); } processRollback(defStatus, true); return; } //执行事务提交 processCommit(defStatus); }
好了,看到这大家都明白了吧,在commit中,Spring会去判断defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly有没有抛出过异常被Spring所拦截,如果有,那么就不会执行commit操作,转而执行processRollback回滚操作
总结
在Spring的REQUIRED中,只要异常被Spring捕获到过,那么Spring最终就会回滚整个事务,即使自己在业务中已经捕获
所以我们回到最初的代码,如果我们希望Spring不进行回滚,那么我们只用将try-cache方法insertC方法中就可以,因为此时抛出的异常并不会被Spring所拦截到
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