ASP.NET 小技巧:重写 ViewState 的存储目的地,以提高页面性能

在 ASP.NET 中,ViewState 因为在客户端的 HTML 里占据大量的空间,并随着页面的 PostBack 反复传递于网络中,一直为人垢病。但是实际上 ViewState 可以存储到数据库、缓存等任意地方,从而避免频繁将冗长的 base64 字符串发送到客户端。这样做不但可以显著提高性能(大幅度减少了网络传输的字节数),而且如果其中的内容也不会被轻易解密和破解。因此这个方法是很有用处的。
以下写了一个简单的例子,用缓存来作为 ViewState 存储目的地。至于缓存的 Key,文中给出的只是一个简单的写法,具体可以根据情况给出严密的方案。

代码大致演示如下:

<% @ Page language = " c# "  Codebehind = " SaveViewStateToOther.aspx.cs "  AutoEventWireup = " false "  Inherits = " LinkedList.SaveViewStateToOther "   %>
<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"  >
< html >
  
< head >
    
< title > SaveViewStateToOther </ title >
    
< meta  name ="GENERATOR"  Content ="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1" >
    
< meta  name ="CODE_LANGUAGE"  Content ="C#" >
    
< meta  name =vs_defaultClientScript  content ="JavaScript" >
    
< meta  name =vs_targetSchema  content ="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5" >
  
</ head >
  
< body  MS_POSITIONING ="GridLayout" >
    
    
< form  id ="Form1"  method ="post"  runat ="server" >< asp:DataGrid  id =DataGrid1  style ="Z-INDEX: 101; LEFT: 104px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 72px"  runat ="server"  BorderColor ="#3366CC"  BorderStyle ="None"  BorderWidth ="1px"  BackColor ="White"  CellPadding ="4"  PageSize ="6"  AllowPaging ="True" >
< selecteditemstyle  font-bold ="True"  forecolor ="#CCFF99"  backcolor ="#009999" >
</ SelectedItemStyle >

< itemstyle  forecolor ="#003399"  backcolor ="White" >
</ ItemStyle >

< headerstyle  font-bold ="True"  forecolor ="#CCCCFF"  backcolor ="#003399" >
</ HeaderStyle >

< footerstyle  forecolor ="#003399"  backcolor ="#99CCCC" >
</ FooterStyle >

< pagerstyle  horizontalalign ="Left"  forecolor ="#003399"  backcolor ="#99CCCC"  pagebuttoncount ="20"  mode ="NumericPages" >
</ PagerStyle >
</ asp:DataGrid >

     
</ form >
    
  
</ body >
</ html >

using  System;
using  System.Data;
using  System.IO;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Web.UI;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace  LinkedList
{
    
///   <summary>
    
///  SaveViewStateToOther 的摘要说明。
    
///   </summary>
     public   class  SaveViewStateToOther : Page
    {
        
protected  DataGrid DataGrid1;

        
private   void  Page_Load( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            
if  ( ! IsPostBack)
                Bind();
        }

        
private   void  Bind()
        {
            DataTable table 
=   new  DataTable();
            table.Columns.Add(
" id " typeof  ( int ));
            table.Columns.Add(
" name " typeof  ( string ));

            
for  ( int  i  =   0 ; i  <   1000 ; i ++ )
            {
                DataRow row 
=  table.NewRow();
                row[
" id " =  i;
                row[
" name " =   " student_ "   +  i.ToString();
                table.Rows.Add(row);
            }
            DataGrid1.DataSource 
=  table;
            DataGrid1.DataBind();
        }

        
#region  Web 窗体设计器生成的代码

        
protected   override   void  OnInit(EventArgs e)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
base .OnInit(e);
        }

        
private   void  InitializeComponent()
        {
            
this .DataGrid1.PageIndexChanged  +=   new  System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGridPageChangedEventHandler( this .DataGrid1_PageIndexChanged);
            
this .Load  +=   new  System.EventHandler( this .Page_Load);

        }

        
#endregion

        
protected   override   void  SavePageStateToPersistenceMedium( object  viewState)
        {
            LosFormatter format 
=   new  LosFormatter();
            StringWriter writer 
=   new  StringWriter();
            format.Serialize(writer, viewState);
            
string  vsRaw  =  writer.ToString();
            
byte [] buffer  =  Convert.FromBase64String(vsRaw);
            
string  vsText  =  Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer);

            
object  v  =  Cache[PageKey];
            
if  (v  ==   null )
                Cache.Insert(PageKey, vsText);
            
else
                Cache[PageKey] 
=  vsText;
        }

        
public   string  PageKey
        {
            
get  {  return  Session.SessionID  +   " _page_SaveViewStateToOther_aspx " ; }
        }

        
protected   override   object  LoadPageStateFromPersistenceMedium()
        {
            
object  s  =  Cache[PageKey];
            
if  (s  !=   null )
            {
                
string  state  =  s.ToString();
                
byte [] buffer  =  Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(state);
                
string  vsRaw  =  Convert.ToBase64String(buffer);
                LosFormatter formatter 
=   new  LosFormatter();
                
return  formatter.Deserialize(vsRaw);
            }
            
return   null ;
        }

        
private   void  DataGrid1_PageIndexChanged( object  source, DataGridPageChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DataGrid1.CurrentPageIndex 
=  e.NewPageIndex;
            Bind();
        }
    }
}

对于实际的应用,如果要决定在整个程序中应用此方案,则使用一个通用的页面基类,在其中实现此机制比较合适。

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