2022美赛F题：All for One and One (Space) for All

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中文翻译：

背景  世界上大多数国家签署到联合国1967 年外层空间条约，同意“探索和使用外层空间，包括月球和其他天体，应当为所有国家的利益和利益，无论他们的经济或科学发展程度，应当全人类的省”[1].联合国(UN)旨在促进全球和平，减少不平等现象。作为国际空间法的基础，《外层空间条约》为促进多国进入空间的项目提供了法律基础，例如国际空间站和使用卫星在最偏远的地方浏览互联网。但是，当人类寻求获取太空资源时，这种国际公平的承诺会继续存在吗？

考虑一下小行星采矿的可能性。有许多开放的问题关于小行星采矿，如是否技术上可行，高的初始成本是否值得的好处我们可能会找到并带回地球，是否应该是私人公司，国家政府，或国际合作基金这些操作，采矿，和/或获得财务收益。这些问题还没有得到回答，但为了达到这个问题的目的，让我们假设小行星采矿在未来的某个时候是可行的，可以让人类将有价值的矿物相对安全地带回地球，而且成本在经济上值得投资。这个问题要求您的团队解决以下首要问题：什么是全球公平，小行星采矿将如何影响它？影响这种影响的因素是什么，以及如何影响的？联合国可以提出什么政策来通过小行星采矿来提高全球公平？

要求  具体来说，为了解决上述问题，您的团队应该考虑以下指导问题：

●什么是全球公平，我们可以如何衡量它？换句话说，制定一个全球公平的定义。使用您的定义来开发一个模型（例如，工具、度量），允许您衡量全球股本。验证您的模型；这可能涉及到历史和/或区域分析。

●未来小行星采矿会是什么样子？小行星采矿将如何影响全球权益？回答这个问题的挑战之一是，我们不知道小行星采矿部门未来会是什么样子；换句话说，有未知的条件，包括但不限于，谁从事采矿，如何资助，或谁将从矿物本身的利益或从这些矿物的销售中获得利润。介绍、描述并证明小行星采矿未来的可能愿景，并通过包括使用团队全球公平模型的分析来确定采矿对全球公平的影响。

●你在定义小行星采矿未来愿景时所选择的条件如何影响全球公平？要做到这一点，您可能需要开发和实施一种分析方法，以探索小行星采矿部门的变化将如何以不同的方式影响全球公平。

●可以实施哪些政策来鼓励小行星采矿业以促进全球公平的方式发展？假设联合国正在考虑更新其外层空间条约，以专门解决小行星采矿问题，并确保其对全人类有利。利用你的分析结果作出合理的政策建议，以便小行星采矿可能真正造福全人类。

英文原文：

Background

Most of the world’s nations signed onto the United Nations’ Outer Space Treaty of 1967, agreeing that “exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind”[1]. The United Nations (UN) aims to promote global peace and reduce inequities. As the foundation of international space law, the Outer Space Treaty has provided the legal underpinnings for projects that have promoted multinational access to space, such as the International Space Station and the use of satellites to browse the Internet in even the most remote locations. But will this international promise of equity hold as humankind looks to harvesting space-based resources?

Consider the possibility of asteroid mining. There are many open questions about asteroid mining, such as whether it is technically feasible, whether the high initial cost is worth the benefit of what we might find and bring back to Earth, and whether it should be private companies, national governments, or international collaborations that fund these operations, do the mining, and/or receive the financial gains. These questions have yet to be answered, but for the purposes of this problem, let’s assume that asteroid mining is feasible at some point in the future and could allow humans to bring valuable minerals back to Earth relatively safely and at a cost that is financially worth the investment.

This problem asks your team to address the following overarching questions: What is global equity, and how will asteroid mining impact it? What are the factors that influence that impact, and how? And what policies could the United Nations propose to increase global equity in a future with asteroid mining?

Requirements

Specifically, to address the above questions, your team should consider the following guiding questions:

● What is global equity, and how might we measure it? In other words, develop a definition of global equity. Use your definition to develop a model (e.g., tool, metric) that allows you to measure global equity. Validate your model; this might involve historical and/or regional analyses.

● What might asteroid mining look like in the future, and how might asteroid mining impact global equity? One of the challenges in answering this question is that we don’t know what the asteroid mining sector will look like in the future; in other words, there are unknown conditions including, but not limited to, who is doing the mining, how it is funded, or who will get the benefits in terms of the minerals themselves or the profits from the sales of those minerals. Present, describe, and justify one likely vision for the future of asteroid mining, and determine the impact of mining on global equity with an analysis that includes the use of your team’s global equity model.

● How do changes in the conditions that you selected in defining a vision for the future of asteroid mining impact global equity? To do this, you may need to develop and implement an analytical approach to explore how changes in the asteroid mining sector could impact global equity differently.

● What policies could be implemented to encourage the asteroid mining sector to advance in a way that promotes more global equity? Suppose the UN is considering updating its Outer Space Treaty to specifically address asteroid mining and ensure its benefit to all humankind. Use the results of your analyses to make justified policy recommendations so that the asteroid mining might truly benefit all humankind.