mysql主从复制和读写分离
文章目录
- 主从复制
- 测试主从复制
- 读写分离
- 测试读写分离
MySQL版本：5.6
jdk版本：1.6
amoeba版本：2.2
| Host | IP |
|---|---|
| master | 192.168.218.5 |
| slave1 | 192.168.218.6 |
| slave2 | 192.168.218.7 |
| amoeba | 192.168.218.4 |
主从复制
主服务器
修改MySQL配置文件my.cnf，添加以下配置
log_bin = master-bin
log_slave_updates = true
server_id = 11
注：在MySQL5.5版本的配置文件中，下划线_要改为-
进入MySQL数据库
# 配置账号，用于slave向master同步数据库
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'mysql_slave'@'192.168.218.%' identified by 'password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 查看日志文件和position
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 850 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在两台从服务器上
修改MySQL配置文件my.cnf，添加以下配置
server_id = 22
relay_log = relay_log_bin
relay_log_index = slave_relay_bin.index
进入MySQL数据库
# 定义master，添加用于同步的账号和密码以及日志文件、position
# 根据在master上看到的日志文件和position填写，不能乱填
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.218.5', master_user='mysql_slave',master_password='password',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=850;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.05 sec)
# 开启slave
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 查看slave状态是否开启
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
……省略部分内容……
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
……省略部分内容……
在从服务器上查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
测试主从复制
在主服务器创建新的数据库，以测试主从复制效果
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database test_database1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_database1 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从服务器上查看是否同步
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_database1 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已成功同步！
读写分离
到存放jdk包的目录下
chmod +x jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6
安装amoeba
mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
tar xf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba/
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba
添加环境变量到/etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin
别忘了source一下
source /etc/profile
测试是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba
amoeba start|stop
出现上面的提示则安装成功
到三台MySQL服务器上，配置amoeba访问MySQL的账号
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO amoeba2db@'192.168.218.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123abc';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
修改amoeba配置文件
vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml
配置amoeba连接MySQL服务器的账号密码
配置master、slave1、slave2
开启amoeba
/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start &
到客户机上，连接amoeba测试，使用用于连接amoeba的账号登录
mysql -u client2amoeba -p 123abc -h 192.168.218.4 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_database1 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
写入测试数据
MySQL [(none)]> use test_database1;
Database changed
MySQL [test_database1]> create table book (
-> id int primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(16));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> insert into book (name) value ("it");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> insert into book (name) value ("cook");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> select * from book;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | it |
| 2 | cook |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.11 sec)
分别到三台MySQL服务器上查看是否存在测试数据
因为已配好主从复制，故数据已同步过来
测试读写分离
到两台从服务器上输入
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看slave状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
……省略部分……
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
……省略部分……
这时再回到客户端写入数据，并查看
MySQL [test_database1]> insert into book (name) value ("Java");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> select * from book;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | it |
| 2 | cook |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
并没有我们刚刚写入的"Java"这本书
到slave1上，插入测试数据
mysql> insert into book (name) value ("Slave1");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
到slave2上，插入测试数据
mysql> insert into book (name) value ("Slave2");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
再回到客户端查看，会发现很神奇的事情
MySQL [test_database1]> select * from book;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | it |
| 2 | cook |
| 3 | Slave1 |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> select * from book;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | it |
| 2 | cook |
| 3 | Slave2 |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test_database1]> select * from book;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | it |
| 2 | cook |
| 3 | Slave1 |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这个现象的原因是，MySQL对读请求做了负载均衡，对多次请求采用了轮询算法，所有的用于处理读请求的MySQL会轮流(或者按权重)来响应
至此，MySQL的主从复制和读写分离就已完成!
别忘了测试完成后再到从服务器上start slave