从0到1精通自动化测试，pytest自动化测试框架，用例运行规则（二）
目录：导读
-
- 一、用例设计原则
- 二、help帮助
- 三、按以下目录写用例
- 四、python -m
- 五、执行用例规则
- 六、-x 遇到错误时停止测试
- 七、—maxfail=num
一、用例设计原则
文件名以 test_*.py 文件和 *_test.py
以 test_ 开头的函数
以 Test 开头的类
以 test_ 开头的方法
所有的包 pakege 必须要有 __init__.py 文件
二、help帮助
1.查看pytest命令行参数，可以用pytest -h 或pytest —help查看
C:\Users\admin>pytest -h
usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
positional arguments:
file_or_dir
general:
-k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring
expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
expression where all names are substring-matched
against test names and their parent classes. Example:
-k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test
functions and classes whose name contains
'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not
test_method' matches those that don't contain
'test_method' in their names. Additionally keywords
are matched to classes and functions containing extra
names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as
functions which have names assigned directly to them.
-m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression.
example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
--markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
-x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test
reporting:
-v, --verbose increase verbosity.
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity.
--verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity
只贴了一部分
三、按以下目录写用例
D:MOMO\
__init__.py
test_class.py
# content of test_class.py
class TestClass:
def test_one(self):
x = "this"
assert 'h' in x
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
assert hasattr(x, 'check')
def test_three(self):
a = "hello"
b = "hello world"
assert a in b
test_sample.py
# content of test_sample.py
def func(x):
return x +1
def test_answer():
assert func(3)==5
四、python -m
cmd执行pytest用例有三种方法,以下三种方法都可以，（一般推荐第一个）
- pytest
- py.test
- python -m pytest
如果不带参数，在某个文件夹下执行时，它会查找该文件夹下所有的符合条件的用例（查看用例设计原则）
五、执行用例规则
1.执行某个目录下所有的用例
pytest 文件名/
2.执行某一个py文件下用例
pytest 脚本名称.py
3.-k 按关键字匹配
pytest -k "MyClass and not method"
这将运行包含与给定字符串表达式匹配的名称的测试，其中包括Python使用文件名，类名和函数名作为变量的运算符。 上面的例子将运行TestMyClass.test_something但不运行TestMyClass.test_method_simple
4.按节点运行
每个收集的测试都分配了一个唯一的nodeid，它由模块文件名和后跟说明符组成
来自参数化的类名，函数名和参数，由:: characters分隔
运行.py模块里面的某个函数
pytest test_mod.py::test_func
运行.py模块里面,测试类里面的某个方法
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method
5.标记表达式
pytest -m slow
将运行用@ pytest.mark.slow装饰器修饰的所有测试
6.从包里面运行
pytest —pyargs pkg.testing
这将导入pkg.testing并使用其文件系统位置来查找和运行测试
六、-x 遇到错误时停止测试
pytest -x test_class.py
从运行结果可以看出，本来有3个用例，第二个用例失败后就没继续往下执行了
D:\MOMO>pytest -x test_class.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:
collected 3 items
test_class.py .F
================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________
self = <MOMO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A29780>
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
> assert hasattr(x, 'check')
E AssertionError: assert False
E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')
test_class.py:11: AssertionError
===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.05 seconds ======================
七、—maxfail=num
pytest —maxfail=1
当用例错误个数达到指定数量时，停止测试
D:\MOMO>pytest --maxfail=1
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_class.py .F
================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________
self = <MOMO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A3D080>
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
> assert hasattr(x, 'check')
E AssertionError: assert False
E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')
test_class.py:11: AssertionError
===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ======================
