全局变量和多线程

先抛出问题:
有一全局变量,一个任务读,一个任务写,有没有问题?
先抛出答案,不建议这么做。

临界资源:各任务/线程采取互斥的方式,实现共享的资源称作临界资源。属于临界资源的硬件串口打印、显示等,软件有消息缓冲队列、变量、数组、缓冲区等。多任务/线程间应采取互斥方式,从而实现对这种资源的共享。
多任务/多线程情况下在写模块时,只需要封装进保护机制即可。常见的保护机制有关中断、信号量、互斥锁等。

最近做的几个项目遇到的一些特殊场景:

1.校时

定义全局变量

typedef struct{
    /*应用软件时间*/
    unsigned int year;
    unsigned char month;
    unsigned char day;
    unsigned char hour;         /*时     */
    unsigned char minute;       /*分     */
    unsigned char second;       /*秒     */
    unsigned int millisecond;  /*毫秒*/
    unsigned int microsecond;  /*微秒*/
    unsigned int nanosecond;   /*纳秒*/   
    unsigned int u40mic;
    int  delta;         /*日历时与本地RTC的差值*/
    int  delta_rtc;        /*同步RTC与本地RTC的差值*/
    int  delta_year;    /*用于操作系统年份维护*/
    int  timeElapse;    /*系统上电后运行了多少秒*/
    char DateValid;     /*年月日有效标识,1为有效*/
    char TimeValid;     /*时分秒有效标志,1为有效*/
    char BusVaild;         /*总线时间有效, 1为有效, 用于飞参授时及文件夹创建*/
}STRUCT_CORE_TIME;
STRUCT_CORE_TIME gst_TimeState;
int TIME_Regulate_Time(int year, int month, int date, int hour, int minute, int second)
{
    struct timespec NewSetTime;
    struct tm   DownTime;
    SYSTEM_TIME_TYPE sys_Time = 0;
    RETURN_CODE_TYPE retCode;
    
    if((year < 2000)||(year > 2255))
        return -1;
    if((month < 1) || (month > 12))
        return -2;
    if((date < 1) || (date>31))
        return -3;
    if((hour > 23) || (minute > 59) || (second > 59))
        return -4;

    /*当超出年限时,获取delta*/
    if(year > 2100){
        if(((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)) || (year % 400 == 0)){
            gst_TimeState.delta_year = year - 2096;
            year = 2096;
        }else{
            gst_TimeState.delta_year = year - 2100;
            year = 2100;
        }
    }else{
        gst_TimeState.delta_year = 0;
    }

    GET_TIME(&sys_Time, &retCode);
    DownTime.tm_hour = hour;
    DownTime.tm_min = minute;
    DownTime.tm_sec = second;
    DownTime.tm_mday = date;
    DownTime.tm_mon = month - 1;
    DownTime.tm_year = year - 1900;
    DownTime.tm_isdst = 0;            /*设置为非夏令时*/
    NewSetTime.tv_sec = mktime(&DownTime);
    /*时间直接用delta维护,不涉及系统时间*/
    gst_TimeState.delta = NewSetTime.tv_sec - sys_Time / Time_1S;
    /*LOG4C日志系统时间更新*/
    sd_settimeofday(gst_TimeState.delta);
    gst_TimeState.TimeValid = 1;
    gst_TimeState.DateValid = 1;

    return 0;
}

void TIME_Gather_Time()
{
    struct timespec NewSetTime;
    struct tm   DownTime;
    SYSTEM_TIME_TYPE sys_Time = 0;
    RETURN_CODE_TYPE retCode;

    GET_TIME(&sys_Time, &retCode);
    NewSetTime.tv_sec = sys_Time / Time_1S + gst_TimeState.delta;
    localtime_r(&NewSetTime.tv_sec, &DownTime);
    gst_TimeState.year = DownTime.tm_year + 1900 + gst_TimeState.delta_year;
    gst_TimeState.month = DownTime.tm_mon + 1;
    gst_TimeState.day = DownTime.tm_mday;
    gst_TimeState.hour = DownTime.tm_hour;
    gst_TimeState.minute = DownTime.tm_min;
    gst_TimeState.second = DownTime.tm_sec;
    
    gst_TimeState.millisecond = sys_Time / 1000000 % 1000;
    gst_TimeState.microsecond = sys_Time / 1000 % 1000;
    gst_TimeState.nanosecond = sys_Time % 1000;
    gst_TimeState.u40mic = ((gst_TimeState.hour * 3600 + gst_TimeState.minute * 60 + gst_TimeState.second)*1000
            + gst_TimeState.millisecond)*25;

}

校时线程做如下的周期调用:

if(stBusTime.delta和gst_TimeState.delta相差2秒)
{
        
        /*校正应用时间*/
        Ret = TIME_Regulate_Time(stBusTime.year + 2000, stBusTime.month, stBusTime.day, stBusTime.hour, stBusTime.minute, stBusTime.second);

        /*只要VCM校时,就给DLR也校时。有的时候音视频文件创建太早,导致视频头内容有问题*/
        TIME_Gather_Time();  /*立刻TIME_Gather_Time数据,更新gst_TimeState结构体所有内容*/
}

另一个线程直接取全局变量gst_TimeState内的年月日时分秒。
这种情况实际上是不加保护的一个线程读,另一个线程写,但是不加保护也能使用的原因有两点:
1.外界有卫星绝对时间更新gst_TimeState本地时间
2.对时间的精度要求不高

获取卡状态

嵌入式系统下,任务1进行获取卡状态操作:

static void Msg_04_Process(void * const Handler, unsigned char * const Message, int const LenBytes)
{
    DEVICE_INNER_TYPE *pDevice = (DEVICE_INNER_TYPE*)Handler;
    /*04消息处理(周期接收)*/
    memcpy(&DLR_2_CPM_04, Message, sizeof(DLR_2_CPM_04));

    /*IDR端的定义是相反的*/
    pDevice->CardState = !DLR_2_CPM_04.Card_State;
}

任务2周期获取卡状态,并进行一些操作

int PSSS_DLR_Card_State(void * const Handler)
{
    DEVICE_INNER_TYPE *pDevice = (DEVICE_INNER_TYPE*)Handler;
    int cardState = 0;
    cardState = pDevice->CardState;
    return cardState;
}

应用场景:
Msg_04_Process获取卡号的周期是2秒,而PSSS_DLR_Card_State大约20ms就要被调用一次。
方案:
1.给pDevice->CardState加信号量保护
2.PSSS_DLR_Card_State中多次判断pDevice->CardState的值,例如连续3次是同一个值才表示获取成功

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