.NetCore Web Api 利用ActionFilterAttribute统一接口返回值格式

.Net Core 同 Asp.Net MVC一样有几种过滤器,这里不再赘述每个过滤器的执行顺序与作用。

在实际项目开发过程中,统一API返回值格式对前端或第三方调用将是非常必要的,在.NetCore中我们可以通过ActionFilterAttribute来进行统一返回值的封装。

在封装之前我们需要考虑下面几个问题:

1,需要对哪些结果进行封装

我目前的做法是,只对ObjectResult进行封装,其他的类型:FileResult,ContentResult,EmptyResult,RedirectResult不予处理

2,对异常错误的封装

既然是统一返回值,当然也要考虑接口异常的问题了

但是不是所有的异常我们都需要返回给前端的,我们可能需要自定义一个业务异常,业务异常可以在前端进行友好提示,系统异常完全没必要抛出给前端或第三方,且需要对系统异常进行日志记录

 

项目结构:

.NetCore Web Api 利用ActionFilterAttribute统一接口返回值格式_第1张图片

 

Exceptions:自定义业务异常

Filters:自定义过滤器(统一结果封装,全局异常)

Models:统一结果实体

部分代码:

using System;

namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Exceptions
{
    /// 
    /// 自定义业务异常,可以由前端抛出友好的提示
    /// 
    public class BizException:Exception
    {
        public BizException()
        {

        }
        public BizException(string message):base(message)
        {

        }
        public BizException(string message, Exception ex) : base(message, ex)
        {

        }
    }
}

  

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;

namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Filters
{
    public class CommonResultFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context)
        {
            if (context.Result is ObjectResult objRst)
            {
                if (objRst.Value is Models.ApiResult)
                    return;
                context.Result = new ObjectResult(new Models.ApiResult
                {
                    Success = true,
                    Message = string.Empty,
                    Data = objRst.Value
                });
            }
        }
    }
}
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Filters
{
    public class GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute : ExceptionFilterAttribute
    {
        private readonly ILogger _logger;
        public GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute(ILogger logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }
        public override void OnException(ExceptionContext context)
        {
            context.ExceptionHandled = true;
            var isBizExp = context.Exception is Exceptions.BizException;
            context.Result = new ObjectResult(new Models.ApiResult
            {
                Success = false,
                Message = context.Exception.Message
            });
            //非业务异常记录errorLog,返回500状态码,前端通过捕获500状态码进行友好提示
            if (isBizExp == false)
            {
                _logger.LogError(context.Exception, context.Exception.Message);
                context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 500;
            }
            base.OnException(context);
        }
    }
}

Startup.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace NetCoreCommonResult
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddLogging();
            services.AddControllers(ops =>
            {
                //添加过滤器
                ops.Filters.Add(new Filters.CommonResultFilterAttribute());
                //GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute构造中注入其他服务,需要通过ServiceFilter添加
                ops.Filters.Add(new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ServiceFilterAttribute(typeof(Filters.GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute)));
            });
            //注册GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute
            services.AddScoped();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
    }
}

 平时不玩博客,不知道如何上传ZIP包,实例代码项目已经放到Gitee上了,地址:https://gitee.com/tang3402/net-core-samples.git

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