PostgreSQL 后台进程对共享内存的指针
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/* * InitShmemIndex() --- set up or attach to shmem index table. */ void InitShmemIndex(void) { HASHCTL info; int hash_flags; /* * Create the shared memory shmem index. * * Since ShmemInitHash calls ShmemInitStruct, which expects the ShmemIndex * hashtable to exist already, we have a bit of a circularity problem in * initializing the ShmemIndex itself. The special "ShmemIndex" hash * table name will tell ShmemInitStruct to fake it. */ info.keysize = SHMEM_INDEX_KEYSIZE; info.entrysize = sizeof(ShmemIndexEnt); hash_flags = HASH_ELEM; ShmemIndex = ShmemInitHash("ShmemIndex", SHMEM_INDEX_SIZE, SHMEM_INDEX_SIZE, &info, hash_flags); }
其实 ShmemIndex 就是对共享内存的指针：
/* * ShmemInitHash -- Create and initialize, or attach to, a * shared memory hash table. * * We assume caller is doing some kind of synchronization * so that two processes don't try to create/initialize the same * table at once. (In practice, all creations are done in the postmaster * process; child processes should always be attaching to existing tables.) * * max_size is the estimated maximum number of hashtable entries. This is * not a hard limit, but the access efficiency will degrade if it is * exceeded substantially (since it's used to compute directory size and * the hash table buckets will get overfull). * * init_size is the number of hashtable entries to preallocate. For a table * whose maximum size is certain, this should be equal to max_size; that * ensures that no run-time out-of-shared-memory failures can occur. * * Note: before Postgres 9.0, this function returned NULL for some failure * cases. Now, it always throws error instead, so callers need not check * for NULL. */ HTAB * ShmemInitHash(const char *name, /* table string name for shmem index */ long init_size, /* initial table size */ long max_size, /* max size of the table */ HASHCTL *infoP, /* info about key and bucket size */ int hash_flags) /* info about infoP */ { bool found; void *location; /* * Hash tables allocated in shared memory have a fixed directory; it can't * grow or other backends wouldn't be able to find it. So, make sure we * make it big enough to start with. * * The shared memory allocator must be specified too. */ infoP->dsize = infoP->max_dsize = hash_select_dirsize(max_size); infoP->alloc = ShmemAlloc; hash_flags |= HASH_SHARED_MEM | HASH_ALLOC | HASH_DIRSIZE; /* look it up in the shmem index */ location = ShmemInitStruct(name, hash_get_shared_size(infoP, hash_flags), &found); /* * if it already exists, attach to it rather than allocate and initialize * new space */ if (found) hash_flags |= HASH_ATTACH; /* Pass location of hashtable header to hash_create */ infoP->hctl = (HASHHDR *) location; return hash_create(name, init_size, infoP, hash_flags); }
看hash_create 的相关代码：
/* * hash_create -- create a new dynamic hash table * * tabname: a name for the table (for debugging purposes) * nelem: maximum number of elements expected * *info: additional table parameters, as indicated by flags * flags: bitmask indicating which parameters to take from *info * * Note: for a shared-memory hashtable, nelem needs to be a pretty good * estimate, since we can't expand the table on the fly. But an unshared * hashtable can be expanded on-the-fly, so it's better for nelem to be * on the small side and let the table grow if it's exceeded. An overly * large nelem will penalize hash_seq_search speed without buying much. */ HTAB * hash_create(const char *tabname, long nelem, HASHCTL *info, int flags) { HTAB *hashp; HASHHDR *hctl; /* * For shared hash tables, we have a local hash header (HTAB struct) that * we allocate in TopMemoryContext; all else is in shared memory. * * For non-shared hash tables, everything including the hash header is in * a memory context created specially for the hash table --- this makes * hash_destroy very simple. The memory context is made a child of either * a context specified by the caller, or TopMemoryContext if nothing is * specified. */ if (flags & HASH_SHARED_MEM) { /* Set up to allocate the hash header */ CurrentDynaHashCxt = TopMemoryContext; } else { /* Create the hash table's private memory context */ if (flags & HASH_CONTEXT) CurrentDynaHashCxt = info->hcxt; else CurrentDynaHashCxt = TopMemoryContext; CurrentDynaHashCxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentDynaHashCxt, tabname, ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE, ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE, ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE); } /* Initialize the hash header, plus a copy of the table name */ hashp = (HTAB *) DynaHashAlloc(sizeof(HTAB) + strlen(tabname) +1); MemSet(hashp, 0, sizeof(HTAB)); hashp->tabname = (char *) (hashp + 1); strcpy(hashp->tabname, tabname); …… if (flags & HASH_SHARED_MEM) { /* * ctl structure and directory are preallocated for shared memory * tables. Note that HASH_DIRSIZE and HASH_ALLOC had better be set as * well. */ hashp->hctl = info->hctl; hashp->dir = (HASHSEGMENT *) (((char *) info->hctl) + sizeof(HASHHDR)); hashp->hcxt = NULL; hashp->isshared = true; /* hash table already exists, we're just attaching to it */ if (flags & HASH_ATTACH) { /* make local copies of some heavily-used values */ hctl = hashp->hctl; hashp->keysize = hctl->keysize; hashp->ssize = hctl->ssize; hashp->sshift = hctl->sshift; return hashp; } } else { …… } if (!hashp->hctl) { hashp->hctl = (HASHHDR *) hashp->alloc(sizeof(HASHHDR)); if (!hashp->hctl) ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY), errmsg("out of memory"))); } …… if (flags & HASH_FIXED_SIZE) hashp->isfixed = true; return hashp; }
在 src/backend/storage/ipc/shmem.c 的注释中也是这么说的：
/*
* POSTGRES processes share one or more regions of shared memory.
* The shared memory is created by a postmaster and is inherited
* by each backend via fork() (or, in some ports, via other OS-specific
* methods). The routines in this file are used for allocating and
* binding to shared memory data structures.
......
/
......
static HTAB *ShmemIndex = NULL; /* primary index hashtable for shmem */
[作者：技术者高健@博客园 mail: [email protected] ]
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