事情是这样的:有一套ASP.NET应用程序,用户一般会用工号登录,但是我们希望在应用程序中方便地访问到该用户相关的其他信息,例如用户名或者工厂名称。
按照标准的ASP.NET Membership的做法,它不能提供这样的信息。Page.User.Identity.Name只是返回用户登录时使用的名称,在本例中是工号。
我们的目标是,能不能实现Page.User.Identity.Name显示用户的真实名称,而不是工号,甚至还可以显示其他的一些信息。
要实现这样的功能,我的思路是自定义身份验证。下面就是我的步骤,可以供大家参考
Identity在安全设计中很重要,他一般代表了用户标识。本例中,我们添加了几个特殊的属性
public class SECIdentity : IIdentity { public string DisplayName { get; set; } public string Factory { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string AuthenticationType { get { return "Custom Authentication"; } } public bool IsAuthenticated { get { return true; } } public override string ToString() { return string.Format("{0},{1}", Factory, DisplayName); } }
一个用户不仅需要有名称等基本信息,它还应该具有另外一些信息,例如角色等等。这可以通过封装成一个Principal来解决
public class SECPrincipal : IPrincipal { public SECPrincipal(string name, string displayName, string factory) { identity = new SECIdentity() { Name = name, DisplayName = displayName, Factory = factory }; } private IIdentity identity; public IIdentity Identity { get { return identity; } } public bool IsInRole(string role) { return true; } }
我们需要有一个特殊的Provider,来读取自定义数据库,校验用户,并且把有关的数据都一起读出来
请注意,作为演示,我只是实现了这个Provider的一个方法:ValidateUser.其他的方法都没有实现
public class SECMembershipProvider:MembershipProvider { public override string ApplicationName { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } set { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override bool ChangePassword(string username, string oldPassword, string newPassword) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool ChangePasswordQuestionAndAnswer(string username, string password, string newPasswordQuestion, string newPasswordAnswer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUser CreateUser(string username, string password, string email, string passwordQuestion, string passwordAnswer, bool isApproved, object providerUserKey, out MembershipCreateStatus status) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool DeleteUser(string username, bool deleteAllRelatedData) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool EnablePasswordReset { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override bool EnablePasswordRetrieval { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByEmail(string emailToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByName(string usernameToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUserCollection GetAllUsers(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override int GetNumberOfUsersOnline() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override string GetPassword(string username, string answer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUser GetUser(string username, bool userIsOnline) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUser GetUser(object providerUserKey, bool userIsOnline) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override string GetUserNameByEmail(string email) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override int MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override int MinRequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override int MinRequiredPasswordLength { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override int PasswordAttemptWindow { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override MembershipPasswordFormat PasswordFormat { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override string PasswordStrengthRegularExpression { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override bool RequiresQuestionAndAnswer { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override bool RequiresUniqueEmail { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public override string ResetPassword(string username, string answer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool UnlockUser(string userName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override void UpdateUser(MembershipUser user) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password) { //这里可以实际读取数据库,对用户名和密码进行校验 if (username == "007" && password == "password") { var cookie = new HttpCookie(username + "_data"); cookie.Values.Add("displayName", "ares"); cookie.Values.Add("factory", "shanghai"); HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); return true; } return false; } }
大家注意这个ValidateUser方法,我们除了校验用户之外,还可以将用户的displayName和factory读取出来,放在cookie里面。这是为了下一步做准备。
<membership defaultProvider="SECMembershipProvider"> <providers> <clear/> <add name="SECMembershipProvider" type="MvcApplicationSample.Extensions.SECMembershipProvider,MvcApplicationSample"/> <add name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/"/> </providers> </membership>
这是我们至关重要的一步。我们希望替换掉默认那个HttpContext.User。
请注意,这个操作必须在一个特殊事件中来完成。请转到global.asax文件中,添加如下代码
void Application_PostAuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { var app = (HttpApplication)sender; if (app.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { var userName = app.User.Identity.Name; var cookie = app.Request.Cookies[userName + "_data"]; var displayName = cookie.Values["displayName"]; var factory = cookie.Values["factory"]; HttpContext.Current.User= new Extensions.SECPrincipal(userName, displayName, factory); } }
我们在页面中,就可以很容易地使用自定义的这个Principal了。
Welcome <b><%: Page.User.Identity.ToString() %>
下面是一个最后的结果。这个项目是最近做给客户做MVC理论和实践课程中的一个范例。仅供参考