ASP.NET自定义身份验证的实践

事情是这样的:有一套ASP.NET应用程序,用户一般会用工号登录,但是我们希望在应用程序中方便地访问到该用户相关的其他信息,例如用户名或者工厂名称。

按照标准的ASP.NET Membership的做法,它不能提供这样的信息。Page.User.Identity.Name只是返回用户登录时使用的名称,在本例中是工号。

我们的目标是,能不能实现Page.User.Identity.Name显示用户的真实名称,而不是工号,甚至还可以显示其他的一些信息。

 

要实现这样的功能,我的思路是自定义身份验证。下面就是我的步骤,可以供大家参考

 

第一步:自定义Identity

Identity在安全设计中很重要,他一般代表了用户标识。本例中,我们添加了几个特殊的属性

    public class SECIdentity : IIdentity

    {





        public string DisplayName { get; set; }

        public string Factory { get; set; }

        public string Name { get; set; }









        public string AuthenticationType

        {

            get { return "Custom Authentication"; }

        }



        public bool IsAuthenticated

        {

            get { return true; }

        }

        public override string ToString()

        {

            return string.Format("{0},{1}", Factory, DisplayName);

        }

    }

第二步:自定义Principal

一个用户不仅需要有名称等基本信息,它还应该具有另外一些信息,例如角色等等。这可以通过封装成一个Principal来解决

    public class SECPrincipal : IPrincipal

    {

        public SECPrincipal(string name, string displayName, string factory)

        {

            identity = new SECIdentity()

            {

                Name = name,

                DisplayName = displayName,

                Factory = factory

            };

        }

        private IIdentity identity;

        public IIdentity Identity

        {

            get

            {

                return identity;

            }

        }



        public bool IsInRole(string role)

        {

            return true;

        }

    }

 

第三步:自定义MembershipProvider

我们需要有一个特殊的Provider,来读取自定义数据库,校验用户,并且把有关的数据都一起读出来

请注意,作为演示,我只是实现了这个Provider的一个方法:ValidateUser.其他的方法都没有实现

    public class SECMembershipProvider:MembershipProvider

    {



        public override string ApplicationName

        {

            get

            {

                throw new NotImplementedException();

            }

            set

            {

                throw new NotImplementedException();

            }

        }



        public override bool ChangePassword(string username, string oldPassword, string newPassword)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override bool ChangePasswordQuestionAndAnswer(string username, string password, string newPasswordQuestion, string newPasswordAnswer)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override MembershipUser CreateUser(string username, string password, string email, string passwordQuestion, string passwordAnswer, bool isApproved, object providerUserKey, out MembershipCreateStatus status)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override bool DeleteUser(string username, bool deleteAllRelatedData)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override bool EnablePasswordReset

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override bool EnablePasswordRetrieval

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByEmail(string emailToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByName(string usernameToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override MembershipUserCollection GetAllUsers(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override int GetNumberOfUsersOnline()

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override string GetPassword(string username, string answer)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override MembershipUser GetUser(string username, bool userIsOnline)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override MembershipUser GetUser(object providerUserKey, bool userIsOnline)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override string GetUserNameByEmail(string email)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override int MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override int MinRequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override int MinRequiredPasswordLength

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override int PasswordAttemptWindow

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override MembershipPasswordFormat PasswordFormat

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override string PasswordStrengthRegularExpression

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override bool RequiresQuestionAndAnswer

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override bool RequiresUniqueEmail

        {

            get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }

        }



        public override string ResetPassword(string username, string answer)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override bool UnlockUser(string userName)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override void UpdateUser(MembershipUser user)

        {

            throw new NotImplementedException();

        }



        public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password)

        {

            //这里可以实际读取数据库,对用户名和密码进行校验

            if (username == "007" && password == "password")

            {



                var cookie = new HttpCookie(username + "_data");



                cookie.Values.Add("displayName", "ares");

                cookie.Values.Add("factory", "shanghai");

                HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);



                return true;



            }

            return false;

        }





    }

大家注意这个ValidateUser方法,我们除了校验用户之外,还可以将用户的displayName和factory读取出来,放在cookie里面。这是为了下一步做准备。

第四步:注册使用这个MembershipProvider

        <membership defaultProvider="SECMembershipProvider">

            <providers>

                <clear/>

        <add name="SECMembershipProvider" type="MvcApplicationSample.Extensions.SECMembershipProvider,MvcApplicationSample"/>

                <add name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/"/>

            </providers>

        </membership>

 

第五步:修改HttpContext.User属性

这是我们至关重要的一步。我们希望替换掉默认那个HttpContext.User。

请注意,这个操作必须在一个特殊事件中来完成。请转到global.asax文件中,添加如下代码

 

        void Application_PostAuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            var app = (HttpApplication)sender;

            if (app.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)

            {

                var userName = app.User.Identity.Name;

                var cookie = app.Request.Cookies[userName + "_data"];

                var displayName = cookie.Values["displayName"];

                var factory = cookie.Values["factory"];



                HttpContext.Current.User= new Extensions.SECPrincipal(userName, displayName, factory);

            }



        }

第六步:使用自定义的Principal

我们在页面中,就可以很容易地使用自定义的这个Principal了。

        Welcome <b><%: Page.User.Identity.ToString() %>

 

下面是一个最后的结果。这个项目是最近做给客户做MVC理论和实践课程中的一个范例。仅供参考

 

 

 

 

 

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