使用docker安装并运行nginx命令：
docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx
使用命令：
docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 进入容器可查看到几个重要的文件
配置文件：nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
日志文件： /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log
使用cat命令打开nginx.conf
root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#
发现第32行，配置了一个子配置文件，进入conf.d发现有一个default.conf文件
打开default.conf文件：
root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
}
root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d#
在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.11.241
从default.conf中11行可以看出，index页面在/usr/share/nginx/html
现在，我们配置一下容器卷：
docker rm -f nginx 删除一下之前的容器
再次执行比较完整的命令：
docker run \ --restart=always \ --name nginx \ -d -p 80:80 \ -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \ -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \ -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \ nginx
这里有几个注意事项：
（1）第一个“-v”，是项目位置，把html代码放到挂载到的目录下即可；
（2）第二个“-v”，是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf"，注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，
这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。
（3）第三个“-v”，把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来，注意要与（2）中include指向路径一致
（4）重点强调一下，nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件（docker是不推荐这样用的），conf.d挂载的是一个目录
我们先启动一下，可以发现是有问题的，因为配置文件还没有。
[root@zuul-server data]# docker run --name nginx -d -p 80:80 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx nginx
c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused \"rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \\\"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" to rootfs \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\\\" at \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" caused \\\"not a directory\\\"\"": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.
很明显，报错了，容器也没有启动成功，怎么解决了？
解决办法：
1 进入/data/nginx目录，
2 删除nginx.conf文件夹 rm -rf nginx.conf
3 新建nginx.conf文件 touch nginx.conf
4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的内容放入到nginx.conf
5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ，touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的内容放入到新建的default.conf中。
最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。
需要配置一个端口转发功能，业务需求是：以http://192.168.11/241/mp开头的请求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上，
刚开始把 proxy_pass 对应的路径写成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/；导致报404错误，原因很简单，nginx运作在容器里面，肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪费了我一点点时间，一时没转过弯来。
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
#root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web;
#root /usr/nginx/html;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
autoindex on;
# try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
# try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
}
location /mp {
proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
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