JSON在各种语言中的运用

1. JSON数据格式

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)

从结构上看,所有的数据最终都可以分成三种类型: 
第一种类型是scalar(标量),也就是一个单独的string(字符串)或数字(numbers),比如“北京”这个单独的词。 
第二种类型是sequence(序列)/array(数组)/List(列表),称作JSON数组,也就是若干个相关的数据按照一定顺序并列在一起,比如“北京,东京”。

第三种类型是mapping(映射)/hash(散列)/dictionary(字典),称作JSON对象,也就是一个名/值对(Name/value),在JSON中称作“对象”比如“首都:北京”。 

可以作以下理解: 
1.数组用“[]”创建,对象用“{}”创建; 
2.无论是数组还是对象,之间的元素都用“,”隔开; 
3.对象内部,(属性的)名称和值用“:”隔开,并且必须要用“:”隔开,不可单独存在属性名或者值; 
4.对象和数组可以互相嵌套

JSON是以文本,即字符串的形式传递的,可以把JSON理解为内容需要满足特定格式书写的字符串。而在各种编程语言中,我们要将JSON字符串转换成各种语言中的变量,进行操作。以下就将一一介绍。

2. PHP中使用JSON

2.1 PHP构造JSON(即,将PHP对象转化成JSON字符串)

例1:create json object

$info = array('number'=>'2','names'=>array('Everyday Updates','Hot Pictures','Latest Technology','Information','Product Pictures','Brands'));

$json = json_encode($info);

结果:

{"number":"2","names":["Everyday Updates","Hot Pictures","Latest Technology","Information","Product Pictures","Brands"]}

例2:create json array

$array = array (0 => "Eric", 1 => 23);   echo json_encode($array);

程序将打印出 :["Eric",23] 

注解:PHP中

1.数组,对象都用array创建,如果array中只有值,或者array键值对中的键是数字,则被转作JSON中的数组,如果array键值对中的键是字符串,那么被转作JSON中的对象; 
2.无论是数组还是对象,之间的元素都用“,”隔开; 
3.对象内部,(属性的)名称和值用“=>”隔开; 

2.2 PHP使用JSON(即,将JSON字符串转化成PHP对象)

例1:

$json = '{"foo-bar": 12345}';

$obj = json_decode($json);

print $obj->{'foo-bar'}; // 12345

注解:在不知道JSON格式的时候,可以用var_dump(json_decode($str));来查看转换后的情况

3. JS中使用JSON

3.1 JS构造JSON字符串

//法I:写成去掉引号的字符串

var jsonObj = {number:6,names:[{name: “DAILY UPDATES”}, {name: “POPULAR PICTURES”}]};

var jsonText = JSON.stringify(jsonObj);





//法II:适用于数组元素很多的情况,可以动态添加数组元素

//get the request json data of the client

    var totalNumOfPictures = 17;

    var numInOnePage = req.body.number; //number of pictures in one page

    var startIndex = req.body.startIndex;



// create picture array

    var pictures = [];

    var picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.1";

    picture.url = "http://t2.baidu.com/it/u=1790018557,3075089305&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture); //create array dynamically



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.2";

    picture.url = "http://t2.baidu.com/it/u=2602371353,2521141668&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.3";

    picture.url = "http://t3.baidu.com/it/u=2280986867,1567705443&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.4";

    picture.url = "http://t3.baidu.com/it/u=1821458190,3818067678&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.5";

    picture.url = "http://t2.baidu.com/it/u=472744134,2285846599&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.6";

    picture.url = "http://t2.baidu.com/it/u=3957952154,3084688128&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.7";

    picture.url = "http://t1.baidu.com/it/u=2291760722,2270589689&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.8";

    picture.url = "http://t3.baidu.com/it/u=2759709517,445035895&fm=21&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.9";

    picture.url = "http://t1.baidu.com/it/u=812989780,2797001786&fm=23&gp=0.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.10";

    picture.url = "http://i3.hunantv.com/p1/20121127/1058553836.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.11";

    picture.url = "http://img.21cbh.com/uploadfile/2012/0824/20120824013832913.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.12";

    picture.url = "http://i3.cnfolimg.com/auto/3_906048.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.13";

    picture.url = "http://pic.yesky.com/imagelist/08/12/8093046_5924.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.14";

    picture.url = "http://www.autotimes.com.cn/upload/admin/images/chezhan/beijing/2012/model/bsj-5.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.15";

    picture.url = "http://i3.cqnews.net/news/attachement/jpg/site82/2011-04-29/5356167799388589428.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.16";

    picture.url = "http://img.shendu.com/forum/201212/27/115921b05wp2ah1sg46bqa.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.17";

    picture.url = "http://www.atv.com.cn/bbs/data/attachment/forum/201105/28/160747a1ydwwcccwyhjuhj.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);



    picture = new Object();

    picture.name = "Vol.18";

    picture.url = "http://jpp2.imghb.com/pic/pic/12/37/21/1423016512372180_a602x602.jpg";

    pictures.push(picture);

 

//create json data

    var json = new Object();

    json.numOfPages = 2;

    json.number = numInOnePage;



    var pictureJson = [];

    for(var i = startIndex; i < startIndex+json.number; i++)

    {

        pictureJson.push(pictures[i]);

    }

    json.pictures = pictureJson;



 

    if(req.body.id==100){

        res.send(JSON.stringify(json));

    }

3.2 JSON字符串转成JS对象

    JSON字符串:

 

  var str1 = '{ "name": "cxh", "sex": "man" }';

    JS对象:

var str2 = { "name": "cxh", "sex": "man" };

 

由JSON字符串转换为JS对象

(法I)  var obj = eval_r('(' + str + ')');

解释:由于json是以”{}”的方式来开始以及结束的,在JS中,它会被当成一个语句块来处理,所以加上圆括号的目的是迫使eval函数在处理JavaScript代码的时候强制将括号内的表达式(expression)转化为对象,而不是作为语 句(statement)来执行。

(法II) var obj = str.parseJSON();

(法III) var obj = JSON.parse(str);

然后str.name

4. Java中使用JSON

4.1 JAVA构造JSON字符串

写成string就行

String requestContent = "{"id":"1","sort":"des","number":"9","startIndex":"1"}";

try {

           StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(requestContent);

           entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

           entity.setContentType("application/json"); //set the request content type as JSON

           httpPost.setEntity(entity);

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

           e1.printStackTrace();

}

httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpPost);

4.2 将JSON字符串转化成Java对象(JSON Object 或者JSONArray)

//如果是{

JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(response);

//如果class后面是=>[ 

JSONArray array = obj.getJSONArray("class");      

//从JSONArray获得JSONObject

JSONObject obj = array.getJSONObject(0);

判断键/值对是否存在

if ( jObj.has("identity") ) ...

 

 

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