《Python编程：从入门到实践》读书笔记：第11章 测试代码

目录

第11章 测试代码

11.1 测试函数

11.1.1 单元测试和测试用例

11.1.2 可通过的测试

11.1.3 未通过的测试

11.1.4 测试未通过时怎么办

11.1.5 添加新测试

11.2 测试类

11.2.1 各种断言方法

11.2.2 一个要测试的类 

11.2.3 测试AnonymousSurvey类

11.2.4 方法setUp()

---

第11章 测试代码

11.1 测试函数

from name_function import get_formatted_name

print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
    first = input("\nPlease give me a first name: ")
    if first == 'q':
        break
    last = input("Please give me last name: ")
    if last == 'q':
        break

    formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first, last)
    print(f"\tNeatly formatted name: {formatted_name}.")

Enter 'q' at any time to quit.

Please give me a first name: jack
Please give me last name: rose
	Neatly formatted name: Jack Rose.

11.1.1 单元测试和测试用例

单元测试用于核实函数的某个方面没有问题。测试用例是一组单元测试，它们一道核实函数在各种情形下的行为都符合要求。全覆盖的测试用例包含一整套单元测试，涵盖了各种可能的函数使用方式。

11.1.2 可通过的测试

import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name


class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """测试name_function.py。"""

    def test_first_last_name(self):
        """能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 1 item

03.py::NamesTestCase::test_first_last_name PASSED                        [100%]

======================== 1 passed, 1 warning in 0.10s =========================

11.1.3 未通过的测试

def get_formatted_name(first, middle, last):
    """生成整洁的姓名。"""
    full_name = f"{first} {middle} {last}"
    return full_name.title()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 1 item

03.py::NamesTestCase::test_first_last_name FAILED                        [100%]
03.py:9 (NamesTestCase.test_first_last_name)
self = <03.NamesTestCase testMethod=test_first_last_name>

    def test_first_last_name(self):
        """能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
>       formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
E       TypeError: get_formatted_name() missing 1 required positional argument: 'last'

03.py:12: TypeError

11.1.4 测试未通过时怎么办

def get_formatted_name(first, last, middle=''):
    """生成整洁的姓名。"""
    if middle:
        full_name = f"{first} {middle} {last}"
    else:
        full_name = f"{first} {last}"
    return full_name.title()

Testing started at 10:21 ...
Launching pytest with arguments D:/Projects/2022/202204/0419/03.py --no-header --no-summary -q in D:\Projects\2022\202204\0419

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 1 item

03.py::NamesTestCase::test_first_last_name PASSED                        [100%]

======================== 1 passed, 1 warning in 0.02s =========================

11.1.5 添加新测试

import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name


class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """测试name_function.py。"""

    def test_first_last_name(self):
        """能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')

    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
        """能够正确地处理像Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart这样的姓名吗？"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(
            'wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadaeus'
        )
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadaeus Mozart')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

03.py::NamesTestCase::test_first_last_middle_name PASSED                 [ 50%]
03.py::NamesTestCase::test_first_last_name PASSED                        [100%]

======================== 2 passed, 1 warning in 0.01s =========================

11.2 测试类

11.2.1 各种断言方法

断言方法检查你认为应该满足的条件是否确实满足。如果该条件确实满足，你对程序行为的假设就得到了确认，可以确信其中没有错误。如果你认为应该满足的条件实际上并不满足，Python将引发异常。

11.2.2 一个要测试的类 

class AnonymousSurvey:
    """收集匿名调查问卷的答案。"""

    def __init__(self, question):
        """存储一个问题，并为存储答案做准备。"""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []

    def show_question(self):
        """显示调查问卷。"""
        print(self.question)

    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """存储单份调查答卷。"""
        self.responses.append(
            new_response
        )

    def show_results(self):
        """显示收集到的所有答卷。"""
        print('Survey results:')
        for response in self.responses:
            print(f"- {response}")

from survey import AnonymousSurvey

# 定义一个问题，并创建一个调查。
question = "What language did you first learn to speak? "
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

# 显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
    response = input("Language: ")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)

# 显示调查结果
print("\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()

Enter 'q' at any time to quit.

Language: chinese
Language: french
Language: q

Thank you to everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey results:
- chinese
- french

11.2.3 测试AnonymousSurvey类

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey


class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试。"""

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善地存储。"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak? "
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.store_response('English')
        self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 1 item

test_survey.py::TestAnonymousSurvey::test_store_single_response PASSED   [100%]

======================== 1 passed, 1 warning in 0.02s =========================

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey


class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试。"""

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善地存储。"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak? "
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.store_response('English')
        self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)

    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储。"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
        for response in responses:
            my_survey.store_response(response)

        for response in responses:
            self.assertIn(response, my_survey.responses)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_survey.py::TestAnonymousSurvey::test_store_single_response PASSED   [ 50%]
test_survey.py::TestAnonymousSurvey::test_store_three_responses PASSED   [100%]

======================== 2 passed, 1 warning in 0.04s =========================

11.2.4 方法setUp()

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey


class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试。"""

    def setUp(self):
        """
        创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用。
        """
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善地存储。"""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)

    def test_store_three_response(self):
        """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储。"""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)


if "__name__" == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_survey.py::TestAnonymousSurvey::test_store_single_response PASSED   [ 50%]
test_survey.py::TestAnonymousSurvey::test_store_three_response PASSED    [100%]

======================== 2 passed, 1 warning in 0.01s =========================