计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统
网络编程的目的:
传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
要求:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机? —> IP地址+端口
2.找到主机,如何进行数据传输?
javaweb 是指网页编程,B/S;
网络编程主要是指 TCP/IP 等,是 C/S
如何实现网络通信?
IP地址:Java 对应的类(java.net.InetAddress 包下的 InetAddress 类)
几个注意的点:
ipv4/ipv6
公网(互联网)–私网(局域网)
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//获取本机ip地址:方式1
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
//获取本机ip地址:方式2
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//获取本机ip地址:方式3
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//获取网站的域名+ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名或者主机名
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程
公有端口 0~1023
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
动态、私有:49152~65535
常见 dos 命令
netstat -ano #查找所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "端口号" #查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "端口号" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socket = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(socket);
System.out.println(socket.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socket.getPort());//端口
}
}
网络通信协议:速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制等等
问题:过于复杂
解决方案:分层
TCP/IP协议簇:实际是一组协议
出名的协议:
TCP和UDP对比
TCP:类比于打电话
连接、稳定
三次握手、四次挥手
最少需要三次,建立稳定连接
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地
A:干一场
最少需要四次断开连接:
A:我要断开了
B:你真的要断开了吗?
B:你真的真的要断开了吗?
A:我真的断开了
客户端、服务端
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP:类比于发短信
需要客户端和服务端
客户端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个 Socket 连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("hello,欢迎学习狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
模拟文件上传
先将图片复制到项目根目录下
客户端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端读取文件
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("裁员.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2= is.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//服务端接收文件
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接收完毕,可以断开!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
可以看到,项目根目录多了一张图片 “receive.jpg”
发送端
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
基础代码:一方只能发送,一方只能接收
发送方
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:从控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String msg = new String(data, 0, data.length);
msg = msg.trim();
System.out.println(msg);
if (msg.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
改进代码:双方都能发送和接收(利用多线程)
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
private int fromPort;
public TalkSend(String toIp, int toPort, int fromPort) {
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
this.fromPort = fromPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String msg = new String(data, 0, data.length);
msg = msg.trim();
System.out.println(msgFrom + ": " + msg);
if (msg.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost", 9999, 7777)).start();//这个toPort要和老师的port一致
//指定8888作为接收消息的端口
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();//学生接收来自老师的信息
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost", 8888, 5555)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();//老师接收来自学生的信息
}
}
URL:统一资源定位符,定位互联网上的某一个资源,例如 https://www.baidu.com
DNS解析:将 www.baidu.com(域名) 解析成 xxx.xx.xx.x (ip)
URL的组成:协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//获取协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
准备工作:
现在,我们要通过 URL 下载这个文件
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/admin/SecurityFile.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 http
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");//要与下载的资源 文件类型一致
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
运行即可下载文件(保持 Tomcat 是运行状态才能下载)
下面下载真实网络资源