HCIP三层架构实验

1.拓扑搭建

2.IP规划

公网地址设为12.1.1.0/24 网段环回设为1.1.1.1
使用172.16.1.0/24给交换机划分网段
在sw1中使用172.16.1.1/25和172.1.129/25
在sw2中使用172.16.1.2/25和172.1.130/25
使用172.16.0.0/30给上方左侧路由干道划分网段
使用172.16.0.4/30给上方右侧侧路由干道划分网段

3.实验步骤

3.1设置Eth-Trunk

在sw1和sw2下设置Eth-Trunk干道
先在管理员模式下创建干道
然后进入接口设置干道

[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1]interface g0/0/1
[sw1]-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]eth-trunk 0
[sw1]-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw1]-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0

[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2]interface g0/0/1
[sw2]-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]eth-trunk 0
[sw2]-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw2]-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0

3.2设置Trunk干道

在三层交换机sw1上

[sw1]port-group group-member Ethernet0/0/4 to Ethernet 0/0/5 Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1]-port-group]port link-type trunk 
[sw1]-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw1]-Ethernet0/0/5]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw1]-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3//系统提示说明配置成功

在三层交换机sw2上

[sw2]port-group group-member Ethernet0/0/4 to Ethernet 0/0/5 Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2]-port-group]port link-type trunk 
[sw2]-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw2]-Ethernet0/0/5]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw2]-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3//系统提示说明配置成功

在二层交换机sw3上

[sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/1 to Ethernet 0/0/2 
[sw3]-port-group]port link-type trunk 
[sw3]-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw3]-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk //系统提示说明配置成功
[sw3]-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2//系统提示说明配置成功

在二层交换机sw4上

[sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/1 to Ethernet 0/0/2 
[sw4]-port-group]port link-type trunk 
[sw4]-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk //系统提示
[sw4]-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk //系统提示说明配置成功
[sw4]-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2//系统提示说明配置成功

设置完后可以通过display port vlan active查询设置的Trunk干道
如图，由于还没创建vlan，所以显示都是1

3.3vlan的创建和划分

[sw1]vlan 2//因为sw1上默认有vlan1所以只用创建一个vlan2就行
[sw1-vlan2]

[sw2]vlan 2
[sw2-vlan2]

[sw3]vlan 2
[sw3-vlan2]

[sw4]vlan 2
[sw4-vlan2]

因为pc2和pc4在vlan2中所以需要让他们划分到vlan2

[sw3]int Ethernet0/0/4
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type access 
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 2

[sw4]int Ethernet0/0/4
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type access 
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 2

3.4STP生成树

以sw1为例

[sw1]stp mode mstp 
[sw1]stp enable 
[sw1]stp region-configuration 
[sw1-mst-region]region-name a
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration 

设置好后可以通过display stp brief来查看STP的状态
如图

根据三合一规则来改进

[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary 
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary 

[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary 
[sw2]stp instance 2 root primary 

提高pc的连接效率

[sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to e0/0/4
[sw3-port-group]stp edged-port enable 

[sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to e0/0/4
[sw4-port-group]stp edged-port enable 

3.5配置SVI和VRRP

先给vlan配置ip地址

[sw1]interface Vlan 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.1.1 25
[sw1]interface Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.1.129 25

[sw2]interface Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.1.2 25
[sw2]int Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.1.130 25

在sw1中vlan1做root，vlan2做备份
在sw2中vlan1做备份，vlan2做root

[sw1]interface Vlan 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.126
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface Ethernet 0/0/1 reduced 30
[sw1]interface Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.254

[sw2]interface Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.126
[sw2]interface Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.254
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid  1 priority 120
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 track interface Ethernet0/0/1 reduced 30

配置好后我们可以通过display vrrp brief指令来查看
如图

3.5设置DHCP获取IP地址

[sw2]dhcp enable 
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.126
[sw2]ip pool g1
Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw2-ip-pool-g1] gateway-list 172.16.1.126
[sw2-ip-pool-g1] network 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.128
[sw2-ip-pool-g1] dns-list 114.114.114.114
[sw2-ip-pool-g1]ip pool v2
Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw2-ip-pool-v2] gateway-list 172.16.1.254
[sw2-ip-pool-v2] network 172.16.1.128 mask 255.255.255.128
[sw2-ip-pool-v2] dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

[sw2-ip-pool-v2]int vl1
[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global 
[sw2-Vlanif1]int vl2
[sw2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global 

获取好后我们可以在PC上通过ipconfig指令查看IP
如图

4.路由配置

因为华为设备中没有实际端口，所以给sw1和sw2配置两个逻辑接口
sw1上

[sw1]vlan 100
[sw1-vlan100]q
[sw1]int e0/0/1
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]p d vlan 100
[sw1]int Vlanif 100
[sw1-Vlanif100]ip address 172.16.0.1 30

[sw1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.2
[sw1-ospf-1]area 0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[sw1-ospf-1]area 1
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.129 0.0.0.0

sw2上

[sw2]vlan 100
[sw2-vlan100]q
[sw2]int e0/0/1
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/1]p d vlan 100
[sw2]int Vlanif 100
[sw2-Vlanif100]ip address 172.16.0.5 30

[sw2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[sw1-ospf-1]area 0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.5 0.0.0.0
[sw1-ospf-1]area 1
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.130 0.0.0.0

路由器上

[r1]interface g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.2 30
[r1]interface g0/0/2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.6 30
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255

然后通过display ip routing-table protocol ospf我们可以发现如图所示路由可以汇总

所以在sw1和sw2中的ospf通过abr-summary 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0来进行汇总
汇总后

通过display ospf peer brief我们发现每有一个svi就会建立一个邻居，这会导致hello包发送太多导致更新量太大，所以应该使用沉默接口

由于要沉默的接口太多，所以我们直接将所有的接口沉默，然后再用undo命令来让自己想要的

[sw1-ospf-1]silent-interface all
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Ethernet0/0/1
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Vlanif 1
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Vlanif 100

[sw2-ospf-1]silent-interface all
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Ethernet0/0/1
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Vlanif 1
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Vlanif 100

5.使用NAT连接外网

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2
[r1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[r1]acl 2000
[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r1-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

然后在PC上测试联通性