三子棋的实现,人工智能与人工智障

1.菜单

我们先进行菜单打印的实现,如下:

void menu()
{
	printf("**********************************************\n");
	printf("************       1.play         ************\n");
	printf("************       0.exit         ************\n");
	printf("**********************************************\n");
}

菜单要求我们进行输出1/0,但是我们要考虑玩家可能输错的情况所以我们用switch语句来对玩家的输入进行一个反馈,如下:

	int input = 0;
	do
	{
		menu();
		printf("请输入(1/0):");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
		case 1:
			printf("开始游戏\n");
			game();
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("退出游戏\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");
			break;
		}
	} while (input);

上面这段代码是在主函数中实现的,当然你也可将其打包到一个函数中,这里就不做展示了。

当玩家输入1时,进入游戏,下面我们来实现game里的内容。

2.初始化棋盘与打印棋盘

玩家要想玩三子棋首先肯定要有一个棋盘,三子棋的棋盘一共有9个空位,玩家将在这些空位上下棋,在游戏的过程中,我们是需要对玩家和电脑的下棋情况进行收录的,所以我们先创建一个数组,在里面全部初始化为 空格 ,实现如下:

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}
void game()
{
	int ret = 1;
	int n = 0;
	char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
	InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

这里要说明一下,ROW代表的是行,COL代表的是列,这是提前用define设置好的,后面会提到,row和col也是一样的意思,传过来是为了方便。

之后是打印棋盘,思路其实还是蛮简单的,循环加判断,相信大家都是可以理解的,就不细说明了,实现如下:

void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
			{
				printf("|");
			}       //“   |”这是一次循环
		}           //当打印最后一次时不打印“|”
                    //打印出来是   |   |   
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				{
					printf("|");//“---|”是一次循环
				}               //打印最后一次时不打印“|”
			}                   //打印出来是---|---|---
		}
		printf("\n");//             上面的两行加一起是一次循环
	}                              //最后一次循环不打印---|
}


//打印出来是这样的效果
//   |   |   
//---|---|---
//   |   |   
//---|---|---
//   |   |   

而设置ROW和COL的目的就是将棋盘的打印变得可控,可以操控棋盘的大小。

3.玩家下棋和电脑下棋

玩家下棋很简单,玩家输入坐标(1~3)(1~3)后判断此位置是否有棋子,如果有则让其在输入一次,如果没有则记录下来,放到之前创建的数组board里。

void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{
	int x, y;
	printf("玩家输入\n");
	while (1)
	{
		printf("请输入坐标:");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
		{
			board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
			break;
		}
		else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col)
		{
			printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
		}
		else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' ')
		{
			printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\n");
		}
	}
}

电脑下棋我们将简单模式设置为随机下棋,下面是实现:

void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	Sleep(200);
	printf("电脑下棋\n");
	int x, y;
	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row + 1;
		y = rand() % col + 1;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = '#';
			break;
		}
	}
}

随机数的概念在《猜数字游戏》这篇博客里有说,这里就不细说明了。

简单的人机肯定不是我们想要的,那么复杂的人机该怎么实现呢?

很简单,三子棋玩的好的小伙伴们都知道,如果双方都是高手在不出失误的情况下是只能平局的,实现起来也好办,把情况都列举出来就好了,但是这样不仅玩家没有良好的游戏体验,代码也繁重,所以我们仅让电脑判断:

(下面是按照优先序排列的)

1)如果己方(电脑)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

2)如果对方(玩家)在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子,如果剩下的位置没有棋子,则下在此处

3)如果以上情况都没有那么中间优先下,没有则下四角,如果都没有空位,那么随机下。

下面是实现:

int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;
	printf("电脑输入\n");
	while(i < row)//判断电脑是否有两个
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		i++;
		j++;
	}
	i = 0;
	j = 0;
	while (i < col)//判断玩家是否有两个
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		i++;
		j++;
	}
	if (board[1][1] == ' ')//中间
	{
		board[1][1] = '#';
		return 1;
	}
	else if (board[1][1] != ' ')//四角
	{
		if (board[0][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[0][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[2][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[2][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
	}
	else//随机
	{
		int x, y;
		while (1)
		{
			x = rand() % row + 1;
			y = rand() % col + 1;
			if (board[x][y] == ' ')
			{
				board[x][y] = '#';
				break;
			}
		}
		return 1;
	}
}

这样一个困难的电脑就产生了。

4.判断输赢

我们需要在每次下棋(玩家或电脑)后进行判断输赢,如果玩家有三颗棋子连在一起,则玩家赢,如果电脑有三颗连在一起则电脑赢,如果棋盘满了也没有输赢则平局。

如果赢了或者平局则返回0,在game里判断是否返回0,如果是则结束本场游戏

下面是实现:

InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
while (1)
{
	PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
	ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
	if (ret == 0)
		break;
	ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
	ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
	if (ret == 0)
		break;
}
int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)
{
	int i, j, count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*')
		{
			printf("玩家赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#')
		{
			printf("电脑赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	{
		if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*')
		{
			printf("玩家赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
		if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#')
		{
			printf("电脑赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*'))
	{
		printf("玩家赢\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#'))
	{
		printf("电脑赢\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[i][j] != ' ')
			{
				count++;
			}
		}
	}
	if (count == row * col)
	{
		printf("平局了\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

还有难度的选择,判断即可,下面是源代码(我是分文件写的):

主文件:

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "game.h"
void menu()
{
	printf("**********************************************\n");
	printf("************       1.play         ************\n");
	printf("************       0.exit         ************\n");
	printf("**********************************************\n");
}

void game()
{
	int ret = 1;
	int n = 0;
	char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
	printf("请选择难度(0.简单/1.困难):");
	scanf("%d", &n);
	if (n == 0)
	{
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
		while (1)
		{
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		}
	}
	else if (n == 1)
	{
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		while (1)
		{
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove1(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		printf("输入错误,默认选简单\n");
		InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		while (1)
		{
			PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
			ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);
			DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret == 0)
				break;
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	int input = 0;
	do
	{
		menu();
		printf("请输入(1/0):");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
		case 1:
			printf("开始游戏\n");
			game();
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("退出游戏\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");
			break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

game.h头文件:

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define ROW 3
#define COL 3

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int who_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

game.cpp存放函数实现的文件:

#include "game.h"

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}

void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
			{
				printf("|");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
				{
					printf("|");
				}
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{
	int x, y;
	printf("玩家输入\n");
	while (1)
	{
		printf("请输入坐标:");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
		{
			board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
			break;
		}
		else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col)
		{
			printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
		}
		else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' ')
		{
			printf("该坐标已被占用,请选择其他坐标\n");
		}
	}
}

void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//简单电脑
{
	Sleep(200);
	printf("电脑下棋\n");
	int x, y;
	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row + 1;
		y = rand() % col + 1;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = '#';
			break;
		}
	}
}

int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//困难电脑
{
	int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;
	printf("电脑输入\n");
	while(i < row)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		i++;
		j++;
	}
	i = 0;
	j = 0;
	while (i < col)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][1] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[i][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[1][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][j] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		i++;
		j++;
	}
	if (board[1][1] == ' ')
	{
		board[1][1] = '#';
		return 1;
	}
	else if (board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		if (board[0][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[0][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[0][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[2][0] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][0] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
		else if (board[2][2] == ' ')
		{
			board[2][2] = '#';
			return 1;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		int x, y;
		while (1)
		{
			x = rand() % row + 1;
			y = rand() % col + 1;
			if (board[x][y] == ' ')
			{
				board[x][y] = '#';
				break;
			}
		}
		return 1;
	}
}

int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)//判断输赢
{
	int i, j, count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*')
		{
			printf("玩家赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
		if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#')
		{
			printf("电脑赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	{
		if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*')
		{
			printf("玩家赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
		if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#')
		{
			printf("电脑赢\n");
			Sleep(2000);
			system("cls");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*'))
	{
		printf("玩家赢\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#'))
	{
		printf("电脑赢\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[i][j] != ' ')
			{
				count++;
			}
		}
	}
	if (count == row * col)
	{
		printf("平局了\n");
		Sleep(2000);
		system("cls");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

以上就是三子棋的全部内容了。

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